What is Loneliness Free Essays

string(43) him that he even offered a bit of cake. The meaning of forlornness is the inclination of â€Å"sadness on the grounds that one has no companions or company,† as indicated by the word reference. Numerous individuals feel forlorn every once in a while. Frequently individuals are forlorn on the grounds that their companions are not accessible at that point or that they don’t have any companions whatsoever. We will compose a custom exposition test on What is Loneliness? or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Individuals need fellowship and time with companions, yet while being distant from everyone else for a specific measure of time, individuals can feel desolate, (Marano, Hara). Besides, there are two sort of forlornness:. sState dejection and quality forlornness. â€Å"State dejection as a rule happens when an individual move to another spot, similar to the individual may move to another city to work or to study,† (When Trait and State Loneliness Come Together). Then again, â€Å"In attribute forlornness, the innate qualities of the individual make him/her vibe lonely,† (When Trait and State Loneliness Come Together). As such, state dejection is brief, while characteristic depression is incorporated with an individual and keeps going quite a while. State dejection additionally to a great extent relies upon the circumstance an individual is in. For instance, an individual could encounter state forlornness when they move to another school, as everything will be new to them. In any case, attribute dejection has nothing to do with the circumstance an individual is in. This is on the grounds that their inherent qualities and character cause them to continually feel lonely.CausesThere are many reasons with respect to why somebody may feel forlorn. Gary J. Kennedy expresses that an individual can feel forlorn â€Å"due to death, geographic changes, or ‘lost contact.'† For example, instances of death might be the demise of a friend or family member, and having sentiments of misfortune and distress for a while. Furthermore, a case of a geographic change may be moving to another state or nation. Individuals may likewise feel forlorn in light of the fact that â€Å"they essentially don’t see or converse with anybody very often† or â€Å"even however they are encircled by individuals, they don’t feel comprehended or minded for,† (How to Cope With Loneliness). Moreover, individuals who have companions may likewise feel desolate. The article â€Å"How to Cope With Loneliness† states, â€Å"You may feel that you have a lot of associations, yet what is in reality wrong is that you don’t feel near them, or they don’t give you the consideration and consideration you need.† All on the whole, there are a wide range of ways an individual could feel desolate. Physical EffectsFor starters, depression effectsly affects the human body. As indicated by Gary Kennedy, forlornness can cause changes in the cardiovascular, hormonal, resistant frameworks. For example, individuals could encounter heart harm, bone/muscle misfortune, higher disease hazard, and slightness. Also, the older have a higher possibility of encountering any of these dangers. Besides, depression supports vein disintegration, hypertension, vein harm, and inadequate rest. Turhan Canli, an educator of brain science and psychiatry, asserts that â€Å"other sicknesses and disarranges are exacerbated within the sight of oppressed social isolation.† As it were, depression has the capacity of compounding recently claimed diseases and scatters. To represent, individuals who have Dementia could encounter compounded side effects in the event that they are detached for a really long time. The impacts can be seen all through the senior as feeling forlornness raises the danger of Dementia by 64%. Besides, there is likewise an expanded danger of coronary illness. Transient aggravation is critical for the body to fend off diseases, yet when one is secluded for a really long time the irritation turns constant. Harming the bodies tissues and veins making them helpless against strokes coronary episodes and other heart complications.(Biswas, 2015)Social EffectsAs a great many people definitely know, forlornness is a colossal social issue. Truth be told, â€Å"According to scientist John Cacioppo at the University of Chicago, 20 percent surprisingly are troubled in light of social disconnection at any given moment,† (Edmonds, Molly). Another measurement says that 1 out of 5 Americans regularly experience forlornness. As per Hara Marano, analysts have discovered that individuals have a â€Å"fundamental requirement for incorporation in bunch life and for close relationships.† That implies that us people need to have connections so as to try and endure. At the point when we satisfy our social needs, it’s recognizably simpler to rouse ourselves and defeat challenges.When an individual encounters exorbitant forlornness during youth, they are bound to be solitary their whole life. In actuality, most school dropouts happen on the grounds that understudies neglected to be social as kids. â€Å"It gets under way a seminar on which kids turn their approach to outsider status and create misconduct and different types of standoffish behavior,† (Marano, Hara).Mental EffectsAlong with having physical impacts, depression can likewise influence an individual intellectually. To begin, there is an incredible connection among's forlornness and worry, as depression frequently prompts higher feelings of anxiety. In progressively extreme conditions, dejection can cause misery. This incorporates sentiments of sadness, expanded incapacity, weight changes, awful rest, self-destructive contemplations, and then some. The expansion of feelings of anxiety makes abundance stress hormones be discharged, which can negatively affect the brain. For instance, stress hormones can revamp the brain’s hippocampus, the area of the mind for the most part utilized for memory, feelings, route, and so forth. These hormones can influence a person’s discernment, Carol Schaeffer claims. She says that â€Å"The ‘internal GPS’ of the cerebrum is upset, profundity recognition is changed and where the body lies according to different articles in space in uncalibrated† (Schaeffer, Carol). In easier terms, the arrival of abundance stress hormones (because of forlornness) can change the view of environmental factors and ability to read a compass. Extraordinary depression can likewise cause pipedreams, particularly in the individuals who have encountered physical disconnection for an all-inclusive measure of time. One outrageous instance of mental trip was the episode in 1895, where Joshua Slocum was circumnavigating the globe and said that he experienced Christopher Columbus’ transport â€Å"The Pinta†. Where he guaranteed he addressed the pilot of the boat, and that he likewise explored his boat through substantial climate while he lay sick. Another outrageous case was in 1933 when Frank Smythe endeavored to climb Mount Everest. Where he turned out to be persuaded to such an extent that somebody was going nearby him that he even offered a bit of cake. You read What is Loneliness? in classification Papers (PsyPost, 2016) Regardless of the impacts that sentiments of dejection can have on individuals, physical confinement has consequences for individuals too. One regular case of unadulterated disconnection is isolation, where detainees are left in their jail cells for around 23 hours out of each day. As indicated by Stuart Grassian, around 33% of single prisoners were â€Å"actively crazy as well as suicidal.† Isolation can cause alarm assaults, subjective challenges, forceful contemplations and dreams, suspicion, loss of restraint, oversensitivity, and hallucinations.One specific prisoner that he met said that he built up a solid fixation on the failure to feel his bladder was completely unfilled, he would stand hours on hours attempting to pee. The fixations they create was a path for them to adapt and keep up an alertness.(PsyPost, 2016)Overall, the impacts of physical and mental confinement are at a higher power than mental seclusion alone in light of the absence of social stimuli.Neurological Many changes happen in the minds of forlorn individuals. For example, examines have indicated that depression was related with more significant levels of cortisol, frequently called a â€Å"stress hormone.† â€Å"Cortisol can assist control with blooding sugar levels, direct digestion, help diminish irritation, and help with memory formulation,† (What is Cortisol?). This is on the grounds that depression causes pressure, which at that point makes cortisol be discharged. Significant levels of cortisol can prompt Cushing’s disorder, a condition that causes extraordinary weight gain in the face and torso.Experiments have demonstrated that dejection corresponds with the measure of action in the ventral striatum, a district of the cerebrum that is connected to compensate handling and assumes a job in learning. For instance, an examination done by the University of Chicago found that when survey pictures of individuals in lovely settings, individuals who were considered as â€Å"lonely† demonstrated less action in the ventral striatum than individuals who were regarded as â€Å"not lonely.† That infers that forlorn individuals have a more vulnerable prize framework than non desolate individuals. Different tests have demonstrated that depression during adolescence can cause deep rooted variations from the norm and intellectual issues in the cerebrum. A teacher of nervous system science and otolaryngology named Gabriel Corfas played out an investigation on mice to make sense of the connection between cerebrum variations from the norm and psychological issues that were brought about by forlornness. To begin, he took child mice from their moms when they were 21 days old. At that point he put a few mice in gatherings of 4 of every a standard lab condition, a few mice in a rich domain with loads of other mice, and a few mice in complete seclusion. Following 50 days, the mice were tried on their social and memory aptitudes. The mice from the normal and rich situations performed well, however the detached mice battled with both skills.Corfas then inspected the mice’s minds and found that the mice from the standard and rich conditions had no irregularities. Then again, the disengaged mice had short oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes, which are cells in the b

M essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

M - Essay Example Second, the American government didn't actually prevent China from controlling Chinese Americans in the U.S. The U.S. didn't secure Chinese Americans in Americans soil since it kept on considering the to be as dubious expatriates, considerably after World War II. Moreover, the U.S. government didn't take positive activities to make equivalent conditions for Chinese Americans. It rehearsed racial profiling as a methods for purifying the U.S. of suspected socialist Chinese Americans. This announcement, â€Å"Chinese in the United States were exposed to an exceptionally organized structure of double domination?† implies that Chinese Americans had two rulers in the U.S. - the U.S. government and the Chinese government. The two governments exposed Chinese Americans to racial persecution and avoidance, as of now clarified in the primary passage. World War II did little to ease prejudice and persecution against Chinese Americans. Despite the fact that President Roosevelt constrained the U.S. Congress in 1943 to cancel the Chinese prohibition laws, he did so in light of the fact that it was a fundamental military technique. He additionally supplanted it with a less tough exclusionary law through the migration share framework. During the Cold War, rather than improving the rights and freedoms of Chinese Americans, the U.S. ... 2. The impact on the nuclear bombs on Japan and its economy is that, from the start, the Japanese blew up at their military heads, and many acknowledged that their country ought to never dispatch another war, while the Japanese economy seriously endured at first on account of lost positions and the annihilation of urban communities during the nuclear shelling. To begin with, after the nuclear bombarding, the Japanese astoundingly felt more hatred for their military powers than the U.S. government. They didn't harbor any bigot emotions against the U.S., albeit some hatred created during the entrepreneur activities of the U.S. toward Japan when the Cold War began. Second, the nuclear bomb contrarily influenced the economy of Japan, where the jobless arrived at 13 million and retired Japanese troopers became bums. The Japanese endured by working intimately with the Allied powers in shaping another administration structure and new arrangements that influenced its lifestyle. For example, another constitution was endorsed in 1946, which guided the Japanese government toward a progressively equitable time. The Japanese constitution in 1946 spread out the conservation of the ruler as the image of solidarity of the individuals and renunciation of future wars. By safeguarding the Emperor, the Japanese had the option to hang on their antiquated social images, which helped them continue on during these difficult occasions. The Japanese individuals got more prominent majority rules system in how individuals from the legislature were chosen and evacuated as well. Moreover, changes in agrarian and work laws improved fulfillment among laborers and laborers. These progressions empowered numerous ranchers to claim their own properties, while laborers were permitted to frame and take an interest in worker's guilds. By 1970, Japan turned into a politically influential nation regardless of the snags due to the blend of

Blog Archive Stanford Graduate School of Business Essay Analysis, 20192020

Blog Archive Stanford Graduate School of Business Essay Analysis, 2019â€"2020 At the beginning of every MBA application season, we at mbaMission ask ourselves the same question for all the top programs: “Are they going to change their essay questions this year or not?” We now have our answer for the Stanford Graduate School of Business (GSB), and it is “yes and no.” Although the school has not altered the core prompts for its two central essays, it has revisited the accompanying text and made minor adjustments to its counselâ€"though we cannot say we see any momentous revisions in those messages. The big change this year is the addition of an Optional Short-Answer Question, which gives applicants the opportunity to share some of their most significant accomplishments and experiences. We suspect the school has provided this outlet for (likely quant-minded) candidates who might have otherwise felt compelled to shoehorn such information into their “what matters most?” essay, thereby freeing them to speak more from the heart in that submission, without fear that the admissions committee will somehow overlook what they believe are key “selling points” in their profile. In our full MBA essay analysis that follows, we provide more insight into the GSB’s two required questions as well as this added element and how it can complement the school’s other application essays this season. Interested in learning how to tackle this year’s Stanford GSB application essays? Watch the short video below before you continue reading the full analysis!   Essay A: What matters most to you, and why? For this essay, we would like you to reflect deeply and write from the heart. Once you’ve identified what matters most to you, help us understand why. You might consider, for example, what makes this so important to you? What people, insights, or experiences have shaped your perspectives? When candidates ask us, “What should I write for what matters most to me?,” we offer some pretty simple guidance: start brainstorming for this essay by asking yourself that very question. What does matter most to you? This might seem like obvious advice, of course, but many applicants get flustered by the question, believing that an actual “right” answer exists that they must provide to satisfy the admissions committee. As a result, they never pause to actually consider their sincere responses, which are typically the most compelling. The GSB itself notes on its essay page, “There is no ‘right answer’ to these questionsâ€"the best answer is the one that is truest for you.” We therefore encourage you to contemplate this question in depth and push yourself to explore the psychological and philosophical motivations behind your goals and achievementsâ€"behind who you are today. We cannot emphasize this enough: do not make a snap decision about the content of this essay. Once you have identified what you believe is an appropriate theme, discuss your idea(s) with those with whom you are closest and whose input you respect. Doing so can help validate deeply personal and authentic themes, leading to an essay that truly stands out. Once you have fully examined your options and identified your main themes, do not simply provide a handful of supporting anecdotesâ€"or worse, recycle the stories you used in a similar essay for another school. A strong essay response to this question will involve a true exploration of the themes you have chosen and reveal a thorough analysis of decisions, motives, and successes/failures, with a constant emphasis on how you conduct yourself. If you are merely telling stories and trying to tie in your preconceived conclusions, you are probably forcing a theme on your reader rather than genuinely analyzing your experiences, and any experienced admissions reader will see right through this. In short, be sure to fully consider and identify your most authentic answer(s), outline your essay accordingly, and then infuse your writing with your personality, thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Stanford encourages you to give special attention to why the subject you have chosen to write about is the most important to you. This “why” element should be clear in your essayâ€"it should be implied by what you are discussing and sharing. If you need to explicitly declare, “And what matters most to me is…,” your essay is not making a strong enough point on its own. A well-constructed essay that is infused with your values and motivation and that clearly conveys why you made certain decisions should effectively and implicitly reveal the “why” behind your chosen topicâ€"and will almost always make a stronger point. One final note is that you can write about a popular theme as long as you truly own the experience. However, the odds are very low that you could write on a theme that the Stanford GSB’s admissions committee has never read about before. You can discuss whatever you truly care about in your essay, but you absolutely must support your topic with a wealth of experience that shows how you have uniquely lived it. Therefore, for example, you cannot successfully write about “making a difference” if you have volunteered only occasionally, but if you have truly had a significant impact on someone’s life, then the topic is no longer a clichéâ€"it is true to who you genuinely are. So, focus less on trying to choose the “right” subject for your essay and more on identifying one that is personal and authentic to you. If you write powerfully about your topic and connect it directly to your experiences and values, your essay should be a winner. For even more targeted advice about how to approach this multidecade mainstay question for the Stanford GSBâ€"and to see multiple sample essays for inspirationâ€"download your free copy of our new guide, “What Matters?” and “What More?”: A Guide to the Stanford GSB and HBS Personal Essays. Essay B: Why Stanford? Describe your aspirations and how your Stanford GSB experience will help you realize them. If you are applying to both the MBA and MSx programs, use Essay B to address your interest in both programs. As we noted earlier, on the school’s application essays page, the Stanford GSB admissions committee stresses that it has no “right” answer in mind for its essay questions and wants applicants to share their story in their “genuine voice.” It does not have a preferred job or industry in mind that it is waiting to hear you say you plan to enter. It really just wants to understand your personal vision and why you feel a Stanford MBA (or MSx) in particular is necessary to facilitate this vision. If you try to present yourself as someone or something you are not, you will ultimately undermine your candidacy. Trust the admissions committee (and us) on this one! The “why our school?” topic is a common element of a typical personal statement, so we encourage you to download your free copy of the mbaMission Personal Statement Guide, which helps applicants write this style of essay for any school. It explains ways of approaching this subject effectively and offers several sample essays as guides. Click here to access your complimentary copy today. And for a thorough exploration of the Stanford GSB’s academic program, unique offerings, social life, and other key characteristics, check out the mbaMission Insider’s Guide to the Stanford Graduate School of Business, which is also available for free. Required Short Answer Question: Tell us about a time within the last two years when your background influenced your participation at work or school. (1,150 character maximum) Although this is not technically posed as an essay prompt, candidates must essentially craft a mini essay in response to this required query. Like other top MBA programs, Stanford values applicants who can contribute to its greater community and educational experience. This prompt gets at the heart of that by asking you to show your willingness and capacity to draw on your past or your natural inclinations and abilities, if not both, to contribute to a project or situation. Note that the school is not asking about a time when you applied your knowledge or offered input because you were asked to but instead about one when you were drawn to a situation because of a personal connection with itâ€"“when your background influenced your participation.” For example, perhaps you encountered a problem that was similar to one you had faced before, and the insight and proficiency you gained from that earlier experience inspired you to want to assist with the more recent one. Or maybe an opportunity arose that involved an element close to your heartâ€"as in, it related to a value you hold dear or a personal interest or hobby you especially enjoyâ€"and your connection to that element compelled you to get involved. Do not overlook that your response must not exceed 1,150 characters, which to our understanding includes spaces. This is just a little shorter than the length of the previous two paragraphs (together). Optional Short-Answer Question: Think about times you’ve created a positive impact, whether in professional, extracurricular, academic, or other settings. What was your impact? What made it significant to you or to others? You are welcome to share up to three examples. (Up to 1500 characters, approximately 250 words, for each example) We know from experience that when asked to write an essay that is more personal than professional or that focuses on a “why” rather than a “what,” some applicants get extremely concerned that the admissions committee will not understand or recognize how successful they have been in their career or life to date. Perhaps they feel their greatest strengths are demonstrated by their accomplishments and therefore believe that not highlighting these for the admissions committee will mean certain rejection. This is simply not true, but we understand that this can be a difficult truth to accept. We suspect that many past Stanford GSB candidates simply could not resist talking more about their achievements in Essay A than about their values, personal interests, beliefs, and emotionsâ€"ultimately depriving the admissions committee of the information it truly wanted. The addition of these optional mini essays now provides an outlet for such applicants and their success stories, which wi ll likely prove a win-win. Candidates can focus on the more personal aspects of their profile in their first essay, as the GSB wants, and can then highlight their standout skills and triumphs here (if they wish), providing still more data on which the admissions committee can base its final decision.     First, keep in mind that this is an optional element of your application. We encourage you to take advantage of this opportunity only if you feel you have a story (or stories) that the admissions committee must have to consider your candidacy fully and fairly. Just because you can submit additional information here does not mean that you must (i.e., you will not be penalized for not doing so!), and if you are essentially asking the already overtaxed admissions readers to do additional work on your application, you need to make sure that extra effort is worthwhile. Similarly, although the school states that you may discuss three impact situations, sharing just one or two is absolutely acceptable. They key is to focus on conveying stories that are truly significant and revelatory of who you are, what you can do, and/or what kind of effect you have had on others, not just on filling every available space on the application. Despite your limited word count here, do your best to “show,” or really spell out, how things unfoldedâ€"rather than just stating the accomplishment or flatly presenting the situationâ€"to give the admissions reader some perspective on how you conduct yourself and achieve. And because the school wants to know about “your impact,” you will obviously have to convey the results of your actions. The GSB wants to understand that the decisions you made and steps you took clearly paid off and that a project, company, organization, individual, or product subsequently experienced a positive change. Finally, do not gloss over the “why” factor here, and be sure to delineate the reason the outcome was so meaningful. The Next Stepâ€"Mastering Your Stanford GSB Interview:  Many MBA candidates find admissions interviews stressful and intimidating, but mastering this important element of the application process is definitely possibleâ€"the key is informed preparation. And, on your way to this high level of preparation, we offer our free Interview Primers to spur you along! Download your free copy of the  Stanford GSB Interview Primer  today. Share ThisTweet 2019-2020 Business School Essays MBA Essay Analysis Stanford University (Stanford Graduate School of Business)

Work-life Balance in HRM - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2936 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Assignment 1 Work-life Balance in HRM Submitted for MSc Word Count: 2,500 words November 2014 Name: Student number: Table of ContentsPage No Introduction 3 Change in Nature of Work 4 Lean Enterprise 4 Adoption of Lean Thinking 4 Work Life Balance (WLB) 5 Initiatives for WLB 6 Key Features of WLB across Cultures 7 Methodology 8 Conclusion 8 Recommendations 9 References 10 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Work-life Balance in HRM" essay for you Create order Introduction Globalisation makes the trading environment quite demanding for the businesses operating in it. New strategies are required by businesses in order to be successful and to compete with competitors, when a company is pursuing through this pattern then there could be some challenges like cost reduction, productivity enhancement, attaining customer needs, profit maximisation and retaining committed work force (Boone and Van Den Bosch, 1997). Human resource management (HRM) can play a decisive role for enhancing performance of an organisation and meeting challenges; it is facing in day to day operations (Harzing and Pinnington, 2011). In addition to this HRM is also vital for a business because it helps in developing skills of work force as well as their knowledge base. HRM is required to adopt a strategy for attaining objective pose by the organisation where the adoption of certain strategy could be difficult because the cultural background of work force is usually variant and certain HRM strategy could be ineffective when managing variant cultural related people (Harzing and Pinnington, 2011). It has been mentioned in a research that western management style could be ineffective when it comes to managing an eastern based business (Nigam; Su, 2011). The area of managing human in an organisation becomes even more critical when work life balance has to be maintained by the organisation. Different types of responses are recorded by employees from different countries. Economy of a country plays an integral role in regards to work life balance (WLB), employees from developed economy are required to work more harder than to employees from developing economy (Milhouse et al., 2001). WLB is fulfilling responsibility of people where individual could respond differently so that all parties can be benefited (Milhouse et al., 2001). The role of an organisation in WLB has been highlighted by Chandra (2012), he reiterated that HR policies based on flexibility and choice can solve WLB issues. The issue of WLB comes when personal life conflicts with the demand of work for an individual. It is personal choice of an individual to give preference to the personal life or the work life depends on the goals of an individual (Milhouse et al., 2001). In this essay influence of HRM has been considered in relation of WLB in cross culture perspective. Different human resource management styles for cross culture are mentioned which is further extended with a critical analysis on WLB from the perspective of both employers and employees in western and non western economies. Conclusion has been drawn on the basis of entire research which is followed by the recommendations in order to improve the working environment for employees. Change in Nature of Work There are quite a few factors that contribute to the changing nature of work but mainly two drivers are being mentioned by organisational theorists (Liker, 2003). There has been a constant pressure these days on organisations to be more competitive (agile) and in addition to this organisations are also required to be customer focused (lean enterprise) (Mohrman and Cohen, 1995). Being competitive these days refer to the ability of an organisation to accommodate the changes in the business. Organisations are also required to provide those services as well as products that are mainly complimented or appreciated by its customers (Zuboff and Maxmin, 2002). Lean Enterprise Lean enterprise is a product of recent past when it has been focused by Toyota while manufacturing its products to include those features in its products that are highly regarded by customers (Liker, 2003). The concept got immense success by the business world and led to significant changes in the businesses across the globe. The concept of lean enterprise is mainly associated to manufacturing or product development businesses (Liker, 2003). If a business is intended to be lean enterprise then it has to be motivated by certain principles of lean enterprise (Womack et al., 1990). The product is required to have some certain value from the customer perspective. It is required to identify those activities that could be valuable for customers. Organisation has to remove all non value adding activities from its process. Waste and inefficiency is required to be removed from the functions. Lean enterprise makes the organisations to respond to the need of markets rapidly after the reduction in cycle time, customizing its operations and by supporting the need of constant change and innovation in the organisations (Kling and Zmuidzinas, 1994). Adoption of Lean Thinking Adopting the concept of lean enterprise is not something that can be done without any change as organisational structure is required to be altered and in addition to that internal activities are required to be customised as well as efficiency level is required to be enhanced. The aspect of waste remove from the functions is not something that can be done without going through any change because waste is becoming part of the function when a slack exists in the processes and removal of that slack means altering the way function is conducted by the business (Mohrman et al., 1998). The required changes in the organisation are getting supported by the advancement in the information technology and development in the means of communication. In order to adopt lean thinking an organisation is required to go through following changes (Zuboff and Maxmin, 2002): Hierarchy is required to maintain discipline in an organisation but the same hierarchy can be cumbersome if there are over excessive level of hierarchy in an organisation because it is not as responsive as an organisation could be without having too many levels of hierarchies. In lean enterprise hierarchy is required to be replaced by cross unit organisational groups. Strict boundaries in organisation on the level of departments as well on the level of job categories are required to be blurred so that different parts of the organisation can come closer and thus knowledge can be shared. The entire organisation is required to work as a team so that rapid decisions can be made and inefficiencies can be removed and thus work processes can be improved. Workers are required to be followed by organisational goals rather than rule and regulations. The process of change in an organisation is required to be continuous where the reflection on past could help devising for the future. Work Life Balance (WLB) Before the mid 90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s the aspect of WLB on organisational level rarely discussed, recently it has received quite a lot of attention by the corporate world (Glynn, 1999). Following this attention to WLB the organisations has gone through quite a lot of changes both inside as well as in the wider society. It doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t mean that change has to be introduced when a new aspect introduced in an organisation rather than change has been regarded as constant in a business to be successful (Glynn, 2000). Change put pressure on the work force as the resultant effects of the change are required to be managed by the work force where work load can be increased or new skills are required to be developed by the work force (CIPD, 1999). The pressure on work force can make them a bit insecure towards the organisation. Change could result in confusion of the work force as they might feel that they have to go through constant pressure of proving their worth to the organisa tion (Worrall and Cooper, 2001). In addition to this there is not much freedom for an employee to choose which employees they want to work for these days. The entire development in the working environment leads to a situation where the work force is required to be working for longer hours and they are also aiming for a better balance between work and life (Glynn, 1999). It also leads to a problem where a small portion of talented work force could leave those organisations that are demanding for more work in return of less benefits and preference is normally given to that work place where importance of also given to the life outside the work. The problem of work life balance intensifies with societal change where now women are also a main part of organisation which means that they are working along men thus the family life suffer more in result of it (Worrall and Cooper, 2001). These days to some extent the grounds on which an organisation can be regarded as a better working place are about its ability to accommodate the individual life outside the work as well as the life in the organisation. In the light of entire discussion it has been concluded that WLB is about recognition of a need that an individual is required to maintain a balance between demand from his work and from the rest of his life. The need of work life balance makes an employer to go for those policies that could aid the work force for maintaining balance between the work and personal life (MacBride-King, 1999). This is the reason that WLB is a joint responsibility of both employees and employers. In regards to an employer addressing WLB is quite complicated as balance for one individual might not be applicable to another individual (Glynn et al., 2001). It means employer to adopt those policies in regards to WLB that could benefit most of the work force. Initiatives for WLB Initiatives in regards to WLB can be the range of work arrangements, both formal and informal, that exceed the statutory minimum and which assist employees to combine employment with their caring responsibilities and personal life outside work (Allen, 2001; p. 415). If this concept is applied in the organisation then employees can achieve a balance between their personal interest and their work even regardless of the responsibilities they have outside the work. Some of the initiatives for WLB could be (Perlow, 1995): Career breaks: Some employers are giving career breaks to its employees like educational leaves, maternity leaves, bereavement leave and parental leaves. Part time hours: If an employ is unable to work full time then some part time working hours could solve the WLB problems for employees. Flexi-time: This arrangement can help employees to arrange their personal life with the work life. Job sharing: When an employee is unable to perform the duties of full time then two employees can be assigned to the tasks which are supposed to be done by a single employee. Childcare Support: Child care centre is quite useful for working parents so they can get rid of the tension they might have due to their kids. Key Features of WLB across Countries The aspect of cost cutting made organisations in all economies to divert the load on the work force. There had been a survey conducted in UK with a name of Roffey Park Management Agenda. The outcome of the report highlighted that half of the people in UK believe that their respective organisations are demanding excessively from them (Holbeche and McCartney, 2002). The result of this load is more hours from the work force. Another survey conducted Ceridian Performance Partners (2000), In this survey 40% of respondents mentioned that they feel over stressed due to the work load they are having. There is another reason of this stress, CIPD (1999) reiterated that disorganised or mismanagement in the organisation also make the work force to spend more hours doing their work as mistakes are required to be rectified. The possible solution of this problem could be smart work which could decrease the work load and as well as can make the organisation to save its resources. The report of Roffey suggested that 88% of respondents are of the view that they are required to work longer than their committed hours on regular basis (Holbeche and McCartney, 2002). If an employee is supposed to spend more hours in the organisation then these hours make him to sacrifice his or her personal commitment which means the life outside the work could suffer (Clark, 1994). The overall effect of all these changes in the working of an employee can create stress in an individual. The problem of stress or work load is by no mean confined to UK rather than in Japan over work and lack of WLB balance became a source of increase in suicide since 1970 (Maitland, 2000). Home life of employees in the country is severely getting affected. Quality of Working Life Survey (2000)10found that 69% of respondents felt that the excessive hours adversely affected their morale This effect appears to be getting more pronounced, having risen from 56% in 1998. In all it can be said that WLB is not somethin g whose affects are limited to the organisation rather it creates long lasting problems in the society thus organisations are required to focus on this issue for the welfare of an entire society. Methodology Methodology for any research is about strategy for enquiring about the area of research and then moving to data collection so that conclusion can be attained in result of research (Myers, 2009). The primary objective of this research is to analyse the WLB issues in the cross cultural human resource management. The research is descriptive so all of the sources accessed for this research are secondary which means prior researches have been analysed for this research. The research started with the understanding of WLB as a discipline then reasons for the need of WLB has been analysed after which different initiatives has been considered that were taken for the sake of WLB. The last stage of research is about different practical cases of countries so that WLB situation can be analysed in these countries. All the sources considered were in the light of qualitative aspect of research as WLB in itself is more o qualitative issue when managing human resource. In qualitative research, diffe rent knowledge claims, enquiry strategies, and data collection methods and analysis are employed (Creswell, 2003). Conclusion WLB holds importance for both employees and for the employing organisation. Individuals WLB when taken collectively from the total work force perspective then it could result in colossal impact on the performance of the entire organisation. If WLB is being attained by an employee then that employee could be more productive for the organisation being able to enhance engagement in result of it. In current competitive economic environment if an organisation neglects aspect like WLB then it could be difficult for that organisation to come out of recessionary challenges. More efforts are being made in western world for WLB but there is continuous improvement in employees as it affects the outcome of an organisation. Recommendations In order to take initiative for WLB an organisation is required to take long term perspective of WLB and its probable outcomes. WLB is not one size fit all approach which means individual is required to be focused which can be done if there is an adequate appraisal system working in the organisation. Effective work force ensures effectiveness of a business thus in order to increase the effectiveness of business it is quite significant to take measures like WLB for the welfare of organsiation which can only after realising the importance of worker in the work place. References Allen, T. D. (2001) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Family-supportive work environments: the role of organizational perceptionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 58, pp. 414-35. Boone, P, and Van Den Bosch, A. J. (1997) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Discerning a key characteristic of a European Style of Managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Int. Studies of Mgt. Org., Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 109-127. Ceridian Performance Partners (2000) Howà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Your Life Working, Ceridian Performance Partners. CIPD (1999) Living to Work? CIPD Survey Report, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Clark, S. (1994) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Presentees: New Slaves of the Office who Run in Fearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Sunday Times, October16th. Creswell, J. W. (2003) Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Galinsky, E. and Stein, P. J. (1990) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The impact of human resource policies on employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Jou rnal of Family Issues, Vol. 11, pp 368-83. Glynn, C. (1999) Enabling Balance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" The Importance of Organisational Culture, Roffey Park Institute. Glynn, C. (2000) Work-Life Balance, Career and the Psychological Contract, Roffey Park Institute. Glynn, C. and Holbeche, L. (2001) and Holbeche, L. and McCartney, C. and (2002) The Roffey Park Management Agenda, Roffey Park Institute. Harzing, A. and Pinnington, A. (2011) International Human Resource Management. London: Sage Pub. Kling, R. and Zmuidzinas, M. (1994) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Technology, Ideology, and Social Transformation: The Case of Computerization and Work Organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Review International Sociologist, Vol. 2-3, pp. 28-56. Liker, J. (2003) The Toyota Way by. McGraw-Hill. New York. MacBride-King, J. (1999) The Role of Managers in Employee Satisfaction, The Conference Board of Canada. Maitland, A. (2000) Work-Life Balance, Financial Times Survey, May 8th 2000. Mendenhall, M. and Milhouse, V. et al (2001) Transcultural Realities: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Cross-Cultural Relations. London: Sage Publications. Mohrman, A. S. and Cohen, G. S. (1995) When People Get Out of the Box. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Mohrman, A. S., Gailbraith, A. J. and Lawler, E. E. (1998) Tomorrows Organization. Associates. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Myers, D. G. (2009) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Using new interactive media to enhance the teaching of psychology (and other disciplines) in developing countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Perspectives on Psychological Science, Vol. 4, pp. 99à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"100. Perlow, L. A. (1995) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Putting the work back into work/familyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Group and Organisational Management, Vol. 20, pp 227-39. Perlow, L. (1999) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Time Famine: Toward a Sociology of Work Timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 44, pp. 57-81. Womack, P. J., Jones, T. D. and Roos, D. (1990) The Machin e that Changed the World. Old Tappan, N.J.: Macmillan. Worrall, L. and Cooper, C. L. (2001) The Quality of Working Life 2000 Survey of Managers Changing Experiences, London: Institute of Management. Zuboff, S. and Maxmin, J. (2002) The Support Economy. New York. Penguin Group, Viking Press. Holbeche, L. and McCartney, C. (2002) The Roffey Park Management Agenda, Roffey Park Institute. Page 1 of 11

The Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Alan Poe - 884 Words

In Platizky’s (1999) article on the Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Alan Poe is choppy and, sometimes, wandering critique. Albeit, the historical reference Platizky uses on how Poe â€Å"ambiguously capitalizes on psychological fear and historical reality† (p. 206), is the ultimate essence of the article which sets a novice reader on the right path to understanding the story. Platizky’s use of historical facts and sources leads me to believe this article could help provoke a logical thought process for anyone to understand the fascination, and or fear, of being buried alive and the symbols used within the story. Platizky’s article jumps from point to point with no clear direction. The order of Platizky transition s could be more concise; instead of jumping from Poe’s earlier work, to tidbits of history, to the symbolism of points in the story, back to more historical references, and finally a weak conclusion that leaves readers wanting closure. 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Racial And Historical Context Of A Worn Path And A Rose...

Racial/ Historical context of a worn path and a rose for Emily In a Rose for Emily William Faulkner portrays the discrimination against African American’s. His use of literary characteristics and instrumental in the success of his primary expressive purpose in the story. In the novel the author highlights the racism. He portrays the slaves as a worker in the South. The racism that happens in the story denotes that the number of race-based prejudice, violent, discrimination, or oppression. In addition, the number of his primary determinant of traits and capacities and those racial differences produce an superiority of a particular race. The use of the term â€Å"negro† clearly shows the author’s intentions. Faulkner truly conveys the experience of the African American in this time period that this story was written because he is able to show how people are stripped of their identities. By using the terms â€Å"negro† or â€Å"nigger† to describe African Americans. This was so severe that in some cases African A mericans became â€Å"property† to some, which Faulkner was able to convey. Faulkner’s use of these derogatory terms also helps to explain the prejudices suffered by blacks in the South. Miss Emily is a testament to the Civil War, having been born before or during the War. She bridges the years before the war and the turn of the century, symbolizing the values of the Old South and its resistance to change during the decades following the war. The Griersons had been an important familyShow MoreRelatedEudora Welty a Worn Path12166 Words   |  49 PagesA Worn Path by Eudora Welty Copyright Notice  ©1998−2002;  ©2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Gale and Design ® and Thomson Learning are trademarks used herein under license.  ©2007 eNotes.com LLC ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution or information storageRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12173 Words   |  49 PagesA Worn Path by Eudora Welty Copyright Notice  ©1998−2002;  ©2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Gale and Design ® and Thomson Learning are trademarks used herein under license.  ©2007 eNotes.com LLC ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution or information storageRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesThe Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical

What the World Would Be Like If Sugar Didnt Exist free essay sample

What the World Would be like if Sugar Didn’t Exist The world is an extraordinary place. It is made up of many different things. One of those many things being something that appears in our daily life. In fact, it appears as well as it is consumed several times a day. This thing is everywhere in the world and in every single country, no matter how filthy rich or how raggedly poor. It is needed every day. It comes in a massive number of different shapes, sizes, colours and forms. Can you guess what this thing is? If you guessed sugar, then you are correct! But can you imagine what the world would be like if sugar did NOT exist? I think that a world without sugar would be hell. I mean, think about it. Try counting, how many things in this world are made up of sugar? Stacks of food that you eat have sugar in them, so how would they taste if they did not contain ANY sugar at all? Take chocolate for an example. We will write a custom essay sample on What the World Would Be Like If Sugar Didnt Exist or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Chocolate is practically MADE of sugar. If chocolate had no sugar in them, they would taste like a bunch of cocoa beans and milk which, believe me, is not a very pleasant taste. And how about coke? Coke is also mainly made up of sugar with the addition of a whole heap of other ingredients. What do you think coke would taste like if there was absolutely NO sugar at all? Horrible, I tell you. That’s how coke would taste. Utterly horrible! Another problem if sugar did not exist in the world would be health problems. Any human body would need a considerable amount of sugar to make up and refill the energy used by the body. Because how is energy made? By sugar of course! And if sugar were not to exist in the world, then no one would have any energy. Without sugar, everyone would be lifeless! The world wouldn’t even be happy! You have probably also been wondering about weight problems that are related to sugar. Sure, sugar might make you fat if you eat too much of it. But did you know that there are diseases in the world that can be cured by eating sugar lumps? Yes, it does seem unbelievable, but it is the pure truth. Many types of medicine in the world contain dissolved sugar lumps in them. So many diseases and viruses would not be cured if sugar did not exist because it would not be possible to make the medicine without sugar. The food chain would also be affected if sugar did not exist. This is because many living things rely and feed on sugar and the crops that grow sugar. So, if one animal were to be affected by the non-existence of sugar and the crop related to sugar, then many other living creatures would also be affected. That would be quite a disaster!! So in short, life without sugar would be a living hell and †¦ we simply cannot live without sugar!

Why Should We Conserve Forests free essay sample

A great variety of plants and animals exist on earth. They are essential for the survival of mankind. Today , a major threat to survival of these organisms is deforestation. We know that deforestation means clearing forests and using the land for other purposes. Trees in the forestare cut for procuring land for cultivation,building houses and factories and making furniture or using wood as fuel. Some natural causesof deforestation are forest fires and severe droughts. We know that deforestation disturbs the balance in nature. If cutting of trees continues, rainfall and the fertility of the soil decrease. Moreover, there will be increased chancesof natural calamities such as floods and droughts. To protect our flora fauna and habitats, protected areas called sanctuaries , national parks and biosphere reserves have been earmarked. Plantation, cultivation, grazing, felling trees, hunting and poaching are prohibited there. Sanctuaries are Areas where animals are protected from any disturbance to them and their habitat. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Should We Conserve Forests or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page National parks are Areas reserved for wild life where they can freely use the habitats and natural resources. Biosphere reserves are large areas of protected land for conservation of wild life, plant and animal resources and traditional life of the tribals living in the area. we should conserve forests to maintain eco system in the world, if forests are depleted continuously then global warming effect will increase and natural disasters will take place which disturb ecosystem global warming or green house effect is caused due to increase in the amount of carbondioxide in the air or atmosphere. It absorbs the heat of the sunlight and it does not let some amount of heat to go out of the atmosphere due to which ice sheets are melting continuously and amount of water in oceans is increasing day by day and floods are taking place. So its our duty to conserve forests for the future generation. save forests save life.

How to Write a Book Review Complete Guide - Paperell.com

How to Write a Book Review Complete Guide How To Write A Book Review? Most students have come across a situation where they had to write a book review. It can be quite daunting but with the right approach, there is nothing to fear. This article should set on you on the right track.What Is A Book Review?A book review is a critical assessment of a given text: a good review should include a detailed description, analysis, and evaluation of the literature. It should convey your own opinion with supporting evidence from the book. That means there should be an argument you develop as you comment on various aspects of the literature. It is not a simple description of the plot or content: think of it as entering a dialogue and a discussion with the author and the intended reader. You should criticize the writer and pointing out where you agree or disagree.. At the same time, identify where the work is exemplary or weak in its scope, argument, or structure. Your opinion on the book should be stated clearly but also invite the reader to makes their own judgments and conclusion, which might not necessarily be consistent with yours. Your task is to outline the tools that enable readers to form their own objective opinion, despite having read yours. The structure of a book review is similar to other academic writing. It should include a thesis statement formed by you, supporting body paragraphs citing the book, and a conclusion to round it off. Knowing how to write a literature review is an essential skill.A book review format typically presupposes that reviews are kept concise and focused on the task. If you look through examples in academic journals or newspapers, they seldom exceed 1000 words. However, this may not be the case for you, as it depends on your instructions: for instance, extended commentaries are not uncommon in academic writing. Generally speaking, book reviews tend to be succinct. They may vary in subject, tone, and style, but for most purposes share a common set of features:You are required to give a brief summary of the l iterature. This should include a relevant description of the subject, which is followed by a key argument, the author’s perspective, and purpose.More importantly, include a critical evaluation of the content. Introduce your general reaction to the text, identify what is noteworthy, whether you feel the writer achieved their goals and how the work improved your understanding of the issue at hand.You can also include a recommendation. It is a personal opinion on whether you would advise the book to others.Book Review TemplateWriting a book review can be a tough task, as it is hard to form an opinion on something you do not feel qualified to assess. The book might not have caught your attention either. This especially becomes a problem when we are talking about award-winning world-famous literature – who are you to express your thoughts on such a universally recognized piece of art? On top of that, there is so much critical literature on it already that it may appear impo ssible to add anything to it. The idea is to pretend to be an expert to your reader even if you lack the qualifications. You will not be expected to surpass the writer’s genius, but if you make a bit of effort and closely observe the text, you will gather a solid base to enable you to make your own judgments. It is quite a skill to learn to express disagreement tactfully. You have to provide evidence that will later help with other assignments. Some professional book reviews can be found on the New York Times website just to give you an idea.A good book review should follow a template like this:Subject of the book;Summary of its contents;Author’s argument;Your critical appraisal of the book and its argument;Your personal recommendation.A perfect book review is a correct balance of opinions and concrete examples. It also includes your critical evaluation based on a clearly defined rationale and a recommendation to the audience. This way your reader will get a general id ea. They would know whether to enjoy reading it or it would be of no use to them. It is also a good idea to place the book in a wider historical context to demonstrate its relevance and importance. Ultimately, this leaves the reader to make a weighted decision based on multiple factors.Having learned how to review a book, you will understand it ought to focus on opinions instead of facts or details. The first two parts should be kept to a minimum, allowing more room for arguments illustrated by specific details from the book. Seem too complicated? To get professional help with this task you can always use a book report writing service.Recommendations While ReadingThere is no better way of writing a book review than with thorough planning, which is an essential step whenever you are working on any academic writing task. It always takes some planning. When you first read specific literature, you might not have approached it as a critic, but to be successful with a book review, you mus t apply some critical thinking. Thus, it is a two-step process. While reading you have to develop your argument and taking notes that support it Having finished reading, it is important to document your findings and opinions in a structured draft. Include supporting evidence too!Some of the points to consider include:Thesis or main argument of the book – what has the author accomplished;Subject or topic of the book – the author’s approach, covered aspects;How is the author’s argument supported – is it convincing;Structure of the argument – its parts, how persuasive is it;The Book’s contribution to your understanding of the subject.It may also be useful to go beyond the work and contemplate the place of an author in society and history, as well as the book’s genre and context. Take a closer look at how some of the most popular reviews were written here.Advice On WritingOnce you have brought together your observations and assessm ents, inspect your notes and unify them into a statement that makes up your thesis. Don’t forget to include your main arguments for it as well.It is common to approach the task starting with an emphasis on the writer’s argument and gradually develop your own. How you balance it depends on whether you feel confident enough that your audience is more interested in your personal argument based on the primary evidence or it would be more beneficial to place emphasis on the author’s ideas. Â  It is up to you to find the correct balance without compromising quality.The structure of a review is standard. You should start off with an introduction that provides a brief book review outline and provides general information about the book and its author. This should include placing them in a context and describing the writer’s and your personal theses.The introduction is followed by a short summary of the content. Its length can vary depending on the assignment and whether the intended audience has read the book already. But don’t forget: analysis is more important!The main part is analysis and evaluation: each paragraph of this block should deal with a single aspect of your argument. Such structure helps you stay organized. It requires providing supporting evidence for each idea. In most cases, you should avoid organizing your argument chronologically – it makes more sense to do it by topics, the author’s methods, or other elements of the book.In your conclusion, make your final judgment without introducing new evidence. It is a sound idea to go beyond the book by relating your argument to a wider context. Balance the book’s strengths and weaknesses and make one final assessment. Additional help with article review is always within your reach.Review the book written by the author, not your image of it: be objective and constructive with your criticism; use precise language to set the correct tone for your book revi ew. Do not hesitate to express your own opinions supporting them with evidence. Your instructor is looking for you to challenge the writer and read some fresh comments. 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Effective Communication Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Effective Communication Skills - Essay Example Effective communication skills are thus necessary to provide effective services in health care. Paul Leagans defines communication as the process by which two or more people exchange facts, ideas, impressions and feelings so that each person gains understanding of use, intent and meaning of the message (Schuster, 1999). Communication includes verbal as well as non-verbal exchange of information. It is necessary to practice effective communication skills in nursing so as to understand, empathize and support patients (Carrol and Dolly, 2008). This paper will elaborate on two elements of effective communication and the skills pertinent to these elements. It is crucial to develop effective communication skills so as to overcome the various barriers to communication. In nursing practice, barriers to communication include physiological, personal, cultural, psychological and physical barriers. Physiological barriers, for example, altered mental state may interfere with the patient’s ability to interpret information. The nurse’s attitude, knowledge and feeling towards a patient may also impede communication. Physical barriers include noise, distance and other environmental factors that may impede communication (Schuster, 1999). The elements of effective communication include the sender, message, channel of communication, receiver and feedback (Schuster, 1999). The sender (source) formulates programs and broadcasts the information, which they want to communicate. The effect of the message is dependent on the sender’s attitude, knowledge, social status and communication skills. The message is the information in physical form conveyed to the audience. The channel of communication is the media used by the source in facilitating communication to the receiver. The receiver decodes, translates the meaning and acts upon the information received. Feedback is the reaction to the information conveyed by the sender. This paper will focus on the message and the channel and the skills therein. There are various forms of message. They include words, signs, symbols and pictures. It comprises of message code, content and treatment (Schuster, 1999). Message code defines any form of signs and symbols that are structured in a meaningful format to the same people. This includes the use of language to convey information. Message content defines the material that is in the message. This is selected by the sender in putting across his information. On the other hand, message treatment shows the decisions which the source undertakes to select and arrange the codes and content. The message communicates the sender’s feelings, intentions and attitudes towards the audience (Balzer, 2007). In nursing practice, information is conveyed from one person to another within a short time. Effective communication skills are necessary to avoid errors in vital information, for example, treatment of a patient (Balzer, 2007). In effective communication, a messag e should elicit the desired action from the audience. It must be clear, timely, specific and in line with the intended objectives. This means that the nurse should ensure that the message is brief, accurate and meets the objectives of its purpose. In addition, the message should be conveyed in a language that the audience can understand. The use of complex vocabulary to explain the patient’s disease and treatment will interfere on the patient’s ability to understand as well as accept their condition. Nursing practice also involves gathering information about the patient, symptoms and their effects to the patient. The use of a common language will enhance understanding between the patient and the nurse (Christie and Robinson,

Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Humanities - Essay Example These conditions and poverty levels presented challenges that needed improved laws and law system. Consequently, the authorities’ emphasized on laws, leading to revision and incorporation of new clauses in the existing laws. The justice system continues to influence laws and school of thoughts. Ancient Greek during this time was marked with increased philosophical and medical studies that led to political, education and social changes (Covert 44). However, it is necessary to determine the factors that led to civilization. One has to determine whether geography and Greek are responsible. It is also necessary to compare Greek civilization with Eastern civilization and determine its superiority. Greek civilization, noted as Ancient Greece is a period stretching from 8th century B.C to 600AD. It succeeds the Dark Ages of Greek that was a period marked with orthodox ideas and misguided practices. The Greek civilization succeeds starting in a period called archaic period and ends wi th end of antiquity period. The beginning of the civilization features the influence of five cultures that helped shape Greece to its largely adopted culture. These cultures include Egyptian, Assyrian, Syro-Hittite and Phoenicians (Solway 3) During the onset of the civilization period, several changes began happening that made the period stand out from previous minor civilizations. Coining of the Greek alphabets from Phoenician scripts is one of the first changes. This occurred in the archaic period leading to emergence of written accounts. Water bodies characterize the geographical structure of Greek. Additionally, mountainous structures separate all neighboring community states. The coin emerged during this period that challenged the governing aristocratic regimes because the newfound trading methods led to the rise of a mercantile group that ended up desiring political power. This marks the period of societal governance change to democracy (Solway 23). The population grew in this period causing shortage of land and a deepening gap between the poor and rich. During this conflict, a social change occurred when Spartans males had to join the military whether one is an elite, rich or humble background. This is a period marred with civil wars. For example, Athens encountered land problems and agricultural misgivings that led to civil war. Law became the only solution in countering the conflicts. Initial attempt at settling the conflict failed but later succeeded after Solon reforms successfully established power to the aristocracy and improved the plight of the poor. This depicts the development of social structures, authorities and their shift with the changing economic, political, and educational aspects (Covert 3). Increased population growth led to migration and settlement into other areas that later would be collectively referred to as Greece. The migrations expanded the cultural practices and linguistic styles of the Ancient Greek. This further facilitated economy growth and adoption of the coin within the original states and overseas to the newly conquered colonies. Improvements became apparent in the people’s standards of living (Solway 34) The geographical outlook of the Greece territory was mountainous with numerous valleys and plains. As a result, numerous small communities lived separately, each with its own language, cultural practices and identity. This resulted in a larger community with diverse practices.

Implications of Information Technology on LAPD Essay Example for Free

Implications of Information Technology on LAPD Essay Los Angeles is one of the cities in the United States, in the year 2010; the city is approximated to have a population of four million people, with an area of four hundred and sixty eight square miles. In 1869, the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) was created to serve the area. Currently, LAPD is the third most prevalent police department in the United States. The police force faces an array of challenges Corwin, (2004), these includes governance, financial constraints, resource allocations, sustainable evidence gathering and storage, crime detections and operational priorities. Brief background of the organization Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) has been in the forefront in innovative techniques in an effort to fight crime, the technological systems proposed to be adopted by LAPD, takes into consideration the implementations which are currently in place. LAPD has adopted several Information Technology centered techniques which includes remote camera surveillance system, automatic license plate-recognition system, computer-aided dispatch (CAD) system and facial-recognition software. The information Technology driven approaches adopted by LAPD have had strategic implications on the performance of the police department Chu, (2001), considering the diverse challenges encountered by the police force; the technologies are also envisioned to offer a competitive edge, to the police force in fighting crime. The report considers and evaluates the strategic implications of information technology in the police force in future. Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) has been cooperating with several partners in implementation information technology driven solutions to fight crime. Over the past the department has utilized Information Technology in gathering watertight evidence in criminal cases and gaining public trust, the phased implementation of installation of video cameras in one thousand six hundred cars, to serve more than twelve thousand officers, to cost approximately $25 million is evidenced highlight of the utilization of Information Communication Technology. Northrop Grumman has long history with the American armed forces, the company was contracted in the year 1996 to plan and construct the Los Angeles Police Department Emergency Command Control and Communications System with subsidiary self-sufficient emergency dispatch centers, the project lasted for five years. With diverse experience, they have assisted the police to deploy computer-aided dispatch (CAD) the police boast of Emergency Communication System which integrates CommandPoint(tm) Mobile applications from Northrop Grumman and computer-aided dispatch (CAD) Discussion of Current Business Issues Governance has been a business challenge in the United States police force, Los Angeles inclusive. There has been a mix up in roles and responsibilities of the police officers, where at times the states have had mixed hierarchies confounded by bureaucratic empires and fiefdoms. Furthermore, there have been a massive amount of units, which has complicated the crime fighting due to diverse hierarchy of reporting structures. The current business environment calls for paradigm shift to increase accountability and transparency. Governance in the police force has also been an issue in waning public confidence, the current business environment favors self perpetuating oligarchy, this call for implementation of systems that favor accountability to the public. As regards financial expenditure in the police force, the police have over the years been consumers of tax, without resultant direct creation of wealth. Business wise, the police force have been viewed as liabilities to the tax payers, the fact that criminals have been advancing in technology calls for a rejoinder in form of technological advancement from the police quarters, this comes with increased expenditure. Moreover, the area covered by the Los Angeles police department is wide, with the ever increasing population means that the financial expenditure rises with time, however, the prevailing economic situations means that there are several competing needs for the funds available; this has curtailed monies allocated to the police department. The business environment also involves utilization of resources. Human resources, which in this case involves police officers and Information Communication Technology staff are the essential resources in the LAPD, currently, the legendary system requires the police department to have trained personnel to manage the network infrastructure. The systems also have the police department utilizing its own network link, which is very expensive in terms of maintenance as well as the regular training of officers as argued by Glenn, (2003), to update on the latest encryption techniques, so as to maintain the integrity of data. A crucial examination of the duties and responsibilities of all the officers has at times generated duplication of responsibilities, with several officers dedicated to supervisory duties rather than in directly fighting crime, therefore the roles of the officers have to be defined and the human resource streamlined to meet the customer demands, which in this case, is the public. The biggest challenge however has been escalating crime and solution lies in effectively detecting and avoiding crime. Some researchers have argued that senior police officers condone the practices associated with fiddling the figures, Cooking the Books also referred as gaming, to portray crime levels as decreasing, by techniques such as cuffing, stitching, skewing, nodding. The business issues are weakness in terms of evidence to charge suspects, where suspects have escaped judgment due to weak evidence mechanism, Joycelyn, (2008). Moreover, with the escalating number of criminals, officers have at time had to rely of the strength of their memories to remember all the suspects, in addition some suspects may be available in the police departments’ database, but the officers may not be able to access the data while in the field. There is therefore a need of a system which can capture and sustain evidence, while assisting the officers identify criminals hence improving security in Los Angeles. Another current issue is the operational priorities challenge where the priorities of the police force have been diversified and not in agreement with the Peelian principles, which lays emphasis on protection of life and property and the prevention and detection of crime, in this case anything else is a distraction. The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) has faced the challenge of operational priorities, where the systems being utilized have demanded the officers to concentrate on maintaining the systems; there is therefore need to implement a system which fosters Peelian principles. The current business environment has therefore a myriad of challenges, the police at all times are expected to have a strategic competitive advantage over their competitor – the criminals. The police have to adopt a paradigm shift which invilves adoption and implementation of Information Technology driven solutions, the application of not only creativity but also imagination in the approach to its adoption gives credence to the common caution to innovators that you cannot use yesterday’s tool for today’s job and expect to be in business tomorrow. With respect to Los Angeles Police Department, , LAPD cannot afford to keep using traditional methodology of detecting and fighting crime and expected to beat the criminals who are advancing with technology. Discussion of Proposed Solution The proposed solution lies in total implementation of the Emergency Communication System which integrates CommandPoint(tm) Mobile applications and computer-aided dispatch (CAD). The implementation of CommandPoint Mobile interfaces acts as a link between the command centre and the field units, improving access to the latest information by the field officers while fostering exchange of information, between the field officers, command centre and other interested police forces within the United States, such as the detectives and crime busters. The envisioned solution should in addition encompass remote camera surveillance which posses’ intelligent video competence to tenuously recognize and scrutinize apprehensive occurrences, when illegal actions transpire the police officers can be alerted. The automatic license plate-recognition system (PlateScan) involves patrol vehicles fitted with video cameras and mobile data computer, where the scanned license plates are systematically compared with existent data in databases incase the vehicle may be of need to the law enforcers. The facial-recognition software works in concord with camera surveillance system to scrutinize the captured images of human faces, then quickly and accurately judge against images contained in the database, these video cameras are deployed in patrol vehicles. This is envisaged to address the problem of identification of suspects, since suspects can be identified in shorter times. To interconnect the several disperse officers in the field, LAPD’s Information and Communications Services Bureau adopted, it is proposed that the officers utilize public network to decrease costs while improving security by increasing coverage, using public network also reduces the human resource constraint the network shall have, since the police shall not have to maintain their own network, neither to they have to maintain the network. With the implementation of the automated field reporting system and Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD), the need for mobile communication with high speed broadband was imminent, the legendary system was restricted to certain areas, while operating in low speeds of 19. Kilo bits per second, the proposed solution is to consider the existent LAPD installed Sprint Data Link where the patrol vehicles are fitted an antenna connected to an EV-DO Sierra Wireless 595 connection card in a Dell D610 laptops installed with Windows XP operating system SP2, 1 GB of RAM, a DVD drive, and an 80 GB hard disk, the police can easily access databases, crime-analysis data, photographs, fingerprints, reports and mapping data,. The fact that Sprint is a private network calls for need to increment the security measures. The proposed solution includes utilization of registered modems by the officers to avoid unauthorized access to the network; this is fostered by end-to-end encryption as well as the providers’ authentication server. Computer Aided Dispatch in combination with the proposals above provides the officers indispensable wide source of information for strategic decision making. The utilization of information technology has been fostered further by Bluetooth fingerprint scanners; currently the scanners are limited in application. However, it is proposed that every patrol vehicle to be equipped with fingerprint scanners, such that persons with clean history cannot be subjected to suspicious arrests, this addresses the issue of arbitrary arrests therefore improving the customer image of the police force, furthermore, the devices to be utilized by the officers should be GPS capable therefore the police can accurately determine locations and positions with precision. The utilization of a private mobile broadband network is intentioned to reduce the costs associated with network access since utilizes high speeds, with minimal costs, furthermore, officers are relieved the duties of maintaining the network. The laptops have to preserve the image determined for mission critical systems to guarantee dependability and security with minimal downtime without dependence on Information Communication Technology personnel; this requires the deployment of Anti-Executable and Deep Freeze as a comprehensive solution on the MDC laptops. Deep Freeze allows the users to promptly reboot the laptop to return it to its original Configuration, this has avoided the need to substitute the laptops when a problem occurs. This is in addition to Anti-Executable’s whitelist technology which standardizes the operating environment by regulating the programs installable. This has been adopted to reduce the number of personnel required to keep the systems in performance mode, therefore addressing governance challenges. The proposed solution is not immune of challenges, considering that the operations are in data sensitive environment, the shifting of the computing environment from MDT to MDC denote new software and hardware, this introduces threats and vulnerabilities. Using more than one thousand five hundred laptops and modems introduces new threats and probable software configuration issues. Windows XP is predisposed to external threats such as spyware, viruses, and other malware. The strategic utilization of Information Technology in LAPD The future of LAPD in utilization of Information Technology has great potential. The Department has optional innovations which include empowering police on foot; horseback or bicycle patrols with high-speed data network access by facilitating handheld devices to utilize wireless data cards, the officers can effectively access the data, from the centralized station, without necessarily using patrol vehicles. Furthermore, having high definition video streamed from cameras and patrol cars to a centralized system in the station enables the police to have real-time information of scenarios as they unfold. In addition, the department can integrate GPS information into the dispatch system for mobile resource management. Recommendations Whereas the police department has been faced with an array of challenges such as the large population size and density, the bulky geographical area, and further complicated by the cultural diversity of the residents. Information technology has been extolled as the ultimate solution, while progressing efficiency of the Department. Implementation of the proposed system shall enable the LAPD reduce costs associated with networking, since they shall be utilizing public network and already available software such as Windows XP, Deep Freeze and Anti-Executable. Moreover, the system shall require fewer officers to manage, hence reducing costs while addressing governance challenges by ensuring that officers get access to all the requisite information as and when needed, hence avoiding bureaucracy in accessing information. While fostering the relationship with the customers – the public, the officers shall also be able to detect and deal with crime as it occurs, while getting substantial and immense evidences against criminals. The system also enables the officers to concentrate on their operational priority – fighting crime in Los Angeles. To protect the people of Los Angeles therefore, the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) should adopt information technology driven solutions which are anticipated to offer several merits in the next three years and beyond. These strategic impacts of the proposed system are intentioned to have a competitive advantage over criminals, these strategic impacts include enhanced coverage, faster response to emergencies, mapping capabilities and harmonization of communication among the police personnel, connectivity to the investigators and detectives as well as to the entire United States police unit – hence reducing or even eliminating crime in Los Angeles.

Security Communities :: essays research papers

Security Communities and Multilateralism 1.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States and Canada have enjoyed a very peaceful relationship over the past 125 years, even though they share a border that is 5,000 miles long and undefended. Shore says that ?neither side regards the other as even a potential military threat, despite the fact that interstate anarchy supposedly makes war an ever-present possibility. Conflicts materialize and are resolved without the expectation that they might lead to violence.? (Shore, 1998, 333) Because of this relationship, Shore says the US and Canada are a perfect example of a pluralistic security community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The peaceful US-Canada relationship is largely the result of the political learning that has occurred over the past two centuries. While the United States and Canada have had their share of political problems, these problems have not been the type that can create insecurity within the region. As Shore says, the undefended border has prompted both the United States and Canada to see each other in pacific terms, even when there is antagonism and miscommunication. Specifically, the demilitarization both countries have engaged in has helped promote a climate of trust between them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The shared values of the US-Canadian political systems has also guaranteed that a shared US-Canada identity has developed to bind the two countries? interests together, so that they have established transnational relations in terms of shared political economic, and cultural exchange. Shore notes that Canadian and American ways of life have become inextricably linked. As a result, peaceful expectations have reinforced peaceful practices, and vice versa, so that war seems absurd, and an undefended border as well as peace seem normal. Any problems in terms of political behavior have largely involved Canadian nationalism, as Canadian leaders try to get their country to follow a path that isn?t always dependent on the actions of the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There have been problems with the two countries ? economic behavior, because their economies are linked. The North American Free Trade Agreement has closely connected the American and Canadian economies, so that if one falters the other?s economy falters as well. However, there have been few economic woes since NAFTA became law, which indicates that the economic relationship between the two countries is a strong as ever. For the European Union (E.U.) there are numerous problems with their political behavior. The EU is expanding, incorporating Greece and other Eastern European countries, yet European countries are experiencing a backlash of nationalistic fervor against the immigration that the EU permits.

Traditional Education vs. Online Education

Now days, with technology generously available, schools are opting to implement online classes into their traditional teaching curriculum. As a result of this our society is divided in two different ways of thinking on the education. Some believe the modern method is better than the traditional method of teaching but yet these two methods are both successful. Personally, I believe both methods should balance one another instead of attempting to substitute one another; this way their purpose of educating will be far more successful. Online education, also called long distant learning, can be defined as a new method of learning through a computer network. This modern way of teaching gives students an opportunity to take classes online. Bill Gates recently predicted that in five years most colleges will be providing online education. â€Å"The self-motivated learner will be on the Web,† Mr. Gates said, speaking at the Techonomy conference in Lake Tahoe. â€Å"College needs to be less place-based. †(Steve) Online courses allow students to access course content, including reading lists and library materials, at any time. This flexibility of online courses is primarily important for students who have young children, who are caring for ailing or elderly family members, who have full-time jobs, or who live too far from campus. Flexible hours are also beneficial because it allow students to work at their own speed; taking courses either part time or on an accelerated schedule. According to the article in the New York Times, titled â€Å"Study Finds That Online Education Beats Classroom,† the SRI International for the Department of Education, conducted a research on online versus traditional classroom teaching from 1996 to 2008. Most of the studies were conducted in colleges and adult continuing-education programs. Over the twelve year span, the Department of Education found that, on average students doing some or all of the course online would rank in the 59th percentile in tested performance, compared with the average classroom student scoring in the 50th percentile (Lohr). According to Barbara Means, the study’s lead author and an educational psychologist at SRI International, online education ultimate goal, is to provide learning experiences that are more tailored to individual students than is possible in classrooms. That enables more â€Å"learning by doing,† which many students find more engaging and useful. However, advocates of classroom learning believe the online method isolates the students from one another as well as their professor minimizing the overall value of taking the course. They also claim that students learn better when working together with their instructor and their fellow classmates. Students learn better when they are given the opportunity to ask questions, join in class discussions, and they move the process of learning forward through their participation. Face-to-face advocates firmly believe that this kind of interaction is not possible over the Internet; and for many types of education, e-learning will never meet the potential of live human interaction in the classroom. An article in the New York Times titled, â€Å"Second Thoughts on Online Education,† backs up the points made above. A recent research published by the National Bureau of Economic Research, comes to the conclusion; â€Å"A rush to online education may come at more of a cost than educators may suspect. A research funded by the National Science Foundation and the Education Department, consisted on comparing the grades of one group online, and one in classroom lectures. The 312 students were undergraduates at a major state university. The data concluded that certain groups did notably worse online. Such as, Hispanic students who took classes’ online fell nearly a full grade lower than Hispanic students that took the course in class. Male students did abou t a half-grade worse online, as did low-achievers, which had college grade-point averages below the mean for the university. David Figlio, an economist at Northwestern University and co-author of the paper, has a few conclusions as to what accounts for the differences in outcomes. The poorer performance of males and lower-achievers, he says the time-shifting convenience of the Web made it easier for students to put off viewing the lectures and cram just before the test, a tactic unlikely to produce the best possible results. The lower performance by Hispanic students online, Mr. Figlio said, might be due to missing the body language of the teacher and other classroom cues, which could be more important to a student whose first language is not English. The truth of the matter is that there are advantages and disadvantages to every type of learning environment. It is best to use the advantages that each method offers to their fullest extent. It appears from the initial studies, that a combination of online and classroom learning will be the best teaching method for educating a person for the better future of everyone. According to Judy Willis, â€Å"The more regions of the brain that store data about a subject, the more interconnection there is. This redundancy means students will have more opportunities to pull up all of those related bits of data from their multiple storage areas in response to a single cue. This cross-referencing of data means we have learned, rather than just memorized. † However, it is important to accentuate that learning highly depends on the students’ motivation to learn. So it still comes down to the effort that the students put into their education that ultimately decides how beneficial the overall experience was to their future career. Traditional Education vs. Online Education Now days, with technology generously available, schools are opting to implement online classes into their traditional teaching curriculum. As a result of this our society is divided in two different ways of thinking on the education. Some believe the modern method is better than the traditional method of teaching but yet these two methods are both successful. Personally, I believe both methods should balance one another instead of attempting to substitute one another; this way their purpose of educating will be far more successful. Online education, also called long distant learning, can be defined as a new method of learning through a computer network. This modern way of teaching gives students an opportunity to take classes online. Bill Gates recently predicted that in five years most colleges will be providing online education. â€Å"The self-motivated learner will be on the Web,† Mr. Gates said, speaking at the Techonomy conference in Lake Tahoe. â€Å"College needs to be less place-based. †(Steve) Online courses allow students to access course content, including reading lists and library materials, at any time. This flexibility of online courses is primarily important for students who have young children, who are caring for ailing or elderly family members, who have full-time jobs, or who live too far from campus. Flexible hours are also beneficial because it allow students to work at their own speed; taking courses either part time or on an accelerated schedule. According to the article in the New York Times, titled â€Å"Study Finds That Online Education Beats Classroom,† the SRI International for the Department of Education, conducted a research on online versus traditional classroom teaching from 1996 to 2008. Most of the studies were conducted in colleges and adult continuing-education programs. Over the twelve year span, the Department of Education found that, on average students doing some or all of the course online would rank in the 59th percentile in tested performance, compared with the average classroom student scoring in the 50th percentile (Lohr). According to Barbara Means, the study’s lead author and an educational psychologist at SRI International, online education ultimate goal, is to provide learning experiences that are more tailored to individual students than is possible in classrooms. That enables more â€Å"learning by doing,† which many students find more engaging and useful. However, advocates of classroom learning believe the online method isolates the students from one another as well as their professor minimizing the overall value of taking the course. They also claim that students learn better when working together with their instructor and their fellow classmates. Students learn better when they are given the opportunity to ask questions, join in class discussions, and they move the process of learning forward through their participation. Face-to-face advocates firmly believe that this kind of interaction is not possible over the Internet; and for many types of education, e-learning will never meet the potential of live human interaction in the classroom. An article in the New York Times titled, â€Å"Second Thoughts on Online Education,† backs up the points made above. A recent research published by the National Bureau of Economic Research, comes to the conclusion; â€Å"A rush to online education may come at more of a cost than educators may suspect. A research funded by the National Science Foundation and the Education Department, consisted on comparing the grades of one group online, and one in classroom lectures. The 312 students were undergraduates at a major state university. The data concluded that certain groups did notably worse online. Such as, Hispanic students who took classes’ online fell nearly a full grade lower than Hispanic students that took the course in class. Male students did abou t a half-grade worse online, as did low-achievers, which had college grade-point averages below the mean for the university. David Figlio, an economist at Northwestern University and co-author of the paper, has a few conclusions as to what accounts for the differences in outcomes. The poorer performance of males and lower-achievers, he says the time-shifting convenience of the Web made it easier for students to put off viewing the lectures and cram just before the test, a tactic unlikely to produce the best possible results. The lower performance by Hispanic students online, Mr. Figlio said, might be due to missing the body language of the teacher and other classroom cues, which could be more important to a student whose first language is not English. The truth of the matter is that there are advantages and disadvantages to every type of learning environment. It is best to use the advantages that each method offers to their fullest extent. It appears from the initial studies, that a combination of online and classroom learning will be the best teaching method for educating a person for the better future of everyone. According to Judy Willis, â€Å"The more regions of the brain that store data about a subject, the more interconnection there is. This redundancy means students will have more opportunities to pull up all of those related bits of data from their multiple storage areas in response to a single cue. This cross-referencing of data means we have learned, rather than just memorized. † However, it is important to accentuate that learning highly depends on the students’ motivation to learn. So it still comes down to the effort that the students put into their education that ultimately decides how beneficial the overall experience was to their future career.