Heritage and Cultural Tourism Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Heritage and Cultural Tourism Management - Essay Example Early day’s travelers used to walk or rode on domestic animals. Due to technological improvement travelling becomes very easy and much faster with the help of introduction of different vehicles. Roads are improved, governments are established, different purposes for travelling are coming towards the human race, such as educational purposes, religious purposes etc. In this context, it has been argued that, â€Å"tourism is a collection of activities, services and industry that delivers a travel experience, including transportation, accommodations, eating and drinking establishments, retail shops, entertainment business, activity facilities and other hospitality services provided for individuals or groups traveling away from home† (Introduction- what is tourism, n.d.). Tourism has some dimensions like attraction, which is the primary motivation for travelling. Mode of attraction could be of any type, such as natural resources, cultural and historical aspects, entertainmen t and ethnicity. Facilities is the another dimension that acts in favour of travelling, which includes lodging, foods, support services, infrastructure etc. Then transportation, hospitality are the remaining two. At present cultural heritage sites are becoming the attractive tourist spots as the mode of intention for travelling changes. So now among the tourism industry cultural and heritage tourism industry is in the booming stage (Introduction- what is tourism, n.d.). This paper is aimed at providing an analytical perspective of various heritage and cultural tourism places across the globe. The paper thus discusses about the growth and development aspects of these places. Task 1: Understand the growth and development of the heritage and cultural industry within travel and tourism: LO (1.1): Heritage Tourism Location: Heritage is the practice or a tradition, which comes from one generation to another. Heritage locations are those locations which represents country’s historic al, scientific and heritage offerings associated with entire community. Heritage locations are appearing to gain an enormous acceptance as a part of tourism and a source of attraction. Heritage tourism is a travelling experience of the places and activities which conveys the story of the people from the past. These places reveal much information about the famous historical characters and events. It includes historical sites, archeological sites, war and battle sites and old structures etc. as heritage tourism products. Heritage locations help for making a strong bonding between the host who provides the quality heritage experiences and the guests who enjoys those experiences. These kinds of activities are very important for describing the quality of life of and for the community (Edgell, 2006, p.62). Cultural Tourism Location: For the purpose of understanding the Cultural tourism locations we have to understand culture because cultural locations tell about the cultural aspects of a particular community. â€Å"Culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the member of one category people from another† (What is culture?, 2012). Culture speaks about the patterns of some kind of symbols consisted of various achievements of cultural groups. A cultural location tells about the various cultural aspects of the societies and the communities prevailing in the concerned area. The cultural and heritage tourism includes wide ranges of strategies and services. These strategies and se

Catcher In The Rye Essay Example for Free

Catcher In The Rye Essay A journey is more than a physical movement from one place to another. All journeys no matter how arduous entail setbacks and barriers that must be met. In doing so the traveller experiences a more significant inner journey of self growth. This is evident in the journey from adolescence to adulthood during which setbacks and barriers may entail a loss of innocence. J. D Salinger’s novel the Catcher in the rye explores this concept through various literary techniques. ( thesis) Loss of innocence as a major issue within the concept of a rites of passage is explored by J. D Salinger through the protagonist Holden Caulfield. His journey appears to be one self destructive act after another. This adult world into which Holden is forced into disturbs him profoundly. In his view, the adults who dwell this world, seem to be filled with phoniness, pretence and social compromise. He finds it almost intolerable to communicate with most adults and peers. This is prevalent throughout the book when he constantly brings up the question of what happens to the ducks in winter. The adults’ response to this recurring question is of contemn and expectation to know the answer, therefore never giving him an adequate explanation. This clearly demonstrates how his innocent mind conflicts with this phony adult world, and his response, is to rebel against this whole society. â€Å" quote† Holden expresses his rebellion through his inability to progress in life and his hatred of people. It is really only in children that he sees the true simplicity of honesty- and that is his escape from this adult phony world. Salinger portrays the transition from adolescence to adulthood as a quest for self identity and self discovery. For Holden however, his journey is a bombardment of obstacles in his search for connection with others, thus highlighting the angst of growing up. Holden finally breaks down with the constant disappointments and let downs he encounters. â€Å"quote ans technique† From his fight with Stradlater to Maurice’s exploitation of a prostitute, to Mr Antolini’s behaviour, Holden just cannot handle any more letdowns so his odyssey is one of loneliness and cynicism. An example of this is when Holden abruptly gives Sally an ultimatum to leave their current lives behind and build a future without the promise of stability. Sally’s refusal to this proposal results in Holden lashing out at her hence elucidating Holden’s naivety. And, just like a kid, he thinks that everyone is to blame except for him. The inability to meet setbacks and barriers and accept a loss of innocence within the jouney from adolescence to adulthood will inevitably lead to ones downfall. The deliberate irony is that Holden strives to act as a grown up but constantly acts like a child is seen in his provocation of his peers and his irrational thinking. â€Å"quote † The title of the book, â€Å"Catcher in the Rye,† is more than just a pretty ditty. It is Holden’s dream to be the catcher in the rye, thus save little children from falling off the cliff into adulthood. Anyway, I keep picturing all these little kids playing some game in this big field of rye and all. Thousands of little kids, and nobodys aroundnobody big, I meanexcept me. And Im standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliffI mean if theyre running and they dont look where theyre going. I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. Thats all Id do all day. Id just be the catcher in the rye and all. I know its crazy, but thats the only thing Id really like to be. Holden is adamant on playing the adult role of protecting children and their innocence that gets lost in the adult phony world. He envisions protecting and shielding children from the evils of society, when he himself is one who is in a state of conflict between adolescence and adulthood. However, it is through the telling of his story that Holden eventually gains control of his disturbed past. His search for self identity and discovery can be seen as a search for tolerance, acceptance and understanding- something that he finally experiences in the final scene with Phoebe riding the carrousel. When he see’s Phoebe on the carrousel, he accepts that he is not a child anymore indicating that he is perhaps more accepting of change. Towards the end, Holden has found some wisdom when he claims to â€Å"sort of miss everyone. † There was some light for him at the end of the tunnel- and that light is hope and acceptance that he doesn’t live in such an evil world that he made out to be. Holden wants desperately to protect this idealistic life but perhaps he realises at the end that it is not possible and that maturity is a means of accepting what life throws at one. How he deals with obstacles along the way conveys Holden’s journey from adolescence into adulthood.

Neuroscience and the Theory of Multiple Intelligences Essays -- Biolog

Connections Between Neuroscience and the Theory of Multiple Intelligences: Implications for Education The old paradigm of students as empty vessels waiting to be filled with knowledge has given way to the constructivist belief that students continuously build understandings based on their prior experiences and information. The idea of a fixed intelligence has given way to a more flexible perception of gradual intellectual development dependent on external stimulation (6) Our intelligence, therefore, is our singular, collective ability to act and react in an everchanging world (1) In my first two web papers I researched two defined disorders, ADHD and Autism, following a train of thought which began with a question: given that the apparent bottom line concerning the human nervous system is that each of us is unique in our neural patterns, where do we draw the line between defining something as a disorder versus simply a difference? This has led me to think more generally about the notion of human variability, particularly with regards to learning abilities and intellectual achievement. I believe that our society has too narrowly defined these phrases, with the negative result that people who do not learn or achieve within these proscribed boundaries are considered lacking. This is true even with regards to the earliest days of schooling, and is reflected in traditional methods used to teach children. The ultimate, destructive result is that children who fall outside our educational protocols are at risk for feeling useless, worthless and unappreciated. Recent decades have seen a dramatic rise in our understanding of the neurobiology behind the way the brain works. The common denominator in brain research is variability... ...m the 21st Century Learning Initiative http://www.newhorizons.org/ofc_21clicaine.html 13)Principles of Multiple Intelligence Theory by J. Keith Rogers http://www.harding.edu/USER/cbr/WWW/midemo/prin.html 14)The Theory of Multiple Intelligences http://www.cogs.susx.ac.uk/users/zahraar/mil.htm 15)Matters of Style by Richard M. Felder http://www2.ncsu.edu/unity/lockers/users/f/felder/public/Papers/LS-Pri%20sm.htm 16)An Interview with Howard Gardner by Ronnie Durie http://www.newhorizons.org/trm_duriemi.html Other Sources: Armstrong, Thomas. Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom. Virginia: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1994. Delcomyn, Fred. Foundations of Neurobiology. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1998. Gardner, Howard. Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1983.

Implementation of Risc Processor in Fpga Using Verilog Essay

Reduced instruction-set computers (RISC) are designed to have a small set of instructions that execute in short clock cycles, with a small number of cycles per instruction. RISC machines are optimized to achieve efficient pipelining of their instruction streams. The machine also serves as a starting point for developing architectural variants and a more robust instruction set Designers make high-level tradeoffs in selecting an architecture that serves an application. Once architecture has been selected, a circuit that has sufficient performance (speed) must be synthesized. Hardware description languages (HDLs) play a key role in this process by modeling the system and serving as a descriptive medium that can be used by a synthesis tool. 2. RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) The nature of RISC architecture and semiconductors rapid technical improvements, RISC embedded platforms have become the best choice for embedded applications. RISC performance characteristics: Power Critical Battery powered and typically less than 2 Watts of power consumption for a whole SBC using an ARM processor, compared to around 15+ Watts for a x86-based SBC. Space Critical With a low power solution, the main system can fit into very compact space, eliminating heat dissipation concerns. Environmental Critical Because of the lack of heat generation, the RISC system can be fully enclosed for total protection from the environment Cost Critical RISC embedded solutions usually come with application-oriented processors that provide a lower cost of ownership because of faster time to market, less development risk and greater overall added value. Typical RISC applications: †¢ Industrial mobile platforms †¢ Touch based Human Machine Interface (HMI) †¢ Point of information (POI) or Point of Scales (POS) †¢ In vehicle – Telemetric †¢ Data collector †¢ Security controller 2.1 STEPS INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT 3. 3. Architecture of RISC Stored Program Machine [pic] The machine consists of three functional units: †¢ Processor †¢ Controller †¢ Memory Program instructions and data are stored in memory. In program-directed operation, instructions are fetched synchronously from memory, decoded, and executed to âž ¢ operate on data within the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) âž ¢ change the contents of storage registers âž ¢ change the contents of the program counter (PC), instruction register (IR) and the address register (ADD_R) âž ¢ change the contents of memory, âž ¢ Retrieve data and instructions from memory control the movement of data on the system busses. The instruction register contains the instruction that is currently being executed. The program counter contains the address of the next instruction to be executed and the address register holds the address of the memory location that will be addressed next by a read or write operation 3.1 RISC_SPM: Processor The processor includes registers, datapaths, control lines, and an ALU capable of performing arithmetic and logic operations on its operands, subject to the opcode held in the instruction register. A multiplexer Mux_l, determines the source of data for Bus_l, and a second mux, Mux_2, determines the source of data for Bus_2. The input datapaths to Mux_l are from four internal general-purpose registers (RO, Rl, R2, R3), and from the Pc. The contents of Bus_l can be steered to the ALU, to memory, or to Bus_2 (via Mux_2). The input datapaths to Mux_2 are from the ALU, Mux_l, and the memory unit. Thus, an instruction can be fetched from memory, placed on Bus_2, and loaded into the instruction register. A word of data can be fetched from memory, and steered to a general-purpose register or to the operand register (Reg_Y) prior to an operation of the ALU. The result of an ALU operation can be placed on Bus_2, loaded into a register, and subsequently transferred to memory. A dedicated register (Reg_Z) holds a flag indicating that the result of an ALU operation is 0. 3.2 RISC_SPM: Controller The timing of all activity is determined by the controller. The controller must steer data to the proper destination, according to the instruction being executed. Thus, the design of the controller is strongly dependent on the specification of the machine’s ALU and datapath resources and the clocking scheme available. Here a single clock is used, and execution of an instruction is initiated on a single edge of the clock (the rising edge). The controller monitors the state of the processing unit and the instruction to be executed and determines the value of the control signals. The controller’s input signals are the instruction word and the zero flag from the ALU. The signals produced by the controller are identified as follows: [pic] Thus the control unit âž ¢ determines when to load registers âž ¢ selects the path of data through the multiplexers âž ¢ determines when data should be written to memory âž ¢ Controls the three-state busses in the architecture. RISC SPM: Instruction Set The machine is controlled by a machine language program consisting of a set of instructions stored in memory. So, in addition to depending on the machine’s architecture, the design depends on the processor instruction set (i.e., the instructions that can be executed by a program). A machine language program consists of a stored sequence of 8-bit words (bytes). The format of an instruction of RISC_SPM can be long or short depending upon the operation. Short instructions have the format | opcode | source | destination | | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Each shot instruction requires one byte of memory. The word has a 4-bit opcode, a 2-bit source register address, and a 2-bit destination register address. Long instructions have the format | opcode | source | destination | | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Don’t |Don’t | | | | | | | |cares |cares | | address | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1` | 0 | 1 | A long instruction requires 2 bytes of memory. The first word of a long instruction contains a 4-bit opcode. The remaining 4 bits of the word can be used to specify the address of a pair of source and destination registers, depending on the instruction. The second word contains the address of the memory word that holds an operand required by the instruction. The instruction mnemonics and their actions are limited below. Single-Byte Instructions †¢ NOP: Here no operation is performed; all registers retain their values. The address of the source and destination registers is dint care’s, they have no effect. †¢ ADD: Adds the contents of the source and destination registers and stores the result into destination register. †¢ AND: Forms the bitwise-and of the contents of the source and destination registers and stores the result into the destination registers. †¢ NOT: Forms the bitwise-and of the contents of the source register and stores the result into the destination register. †¢ SUB: Subtracts the contents of the source register from destination register and stores the result into source register. Two-Byte Instructions †¢ RD: Fetches a memory word from the location specified by the second byte and loads the result into the destination register. The source register bits are don’t cares which means that they are unused. †¢ WR: Writes the contents of the source register to the word in memory specified by the address held in the second byte. The destination register bits are don’t cares which means that they are unused. †¢ BR: Branches the activity flow by loading the program counter with the word at the location (address) specified by the second byte of the instruction. The source register bits and the destination register bits are don’t cares which means that they are unused. †¢ BRZ: Branches the activity flow by loading the program counter with the word at the location (address) specified by the second byte of the instruction if zero flag register is asserted. The source register bits and the destination register bits are don’t cares which means that t hey are unused. Instruction set of RISC_SPM machine | Instruction | Instruction Word | Action | | | Opcode | Source | Destination | | | NOP | 0000 | | | None | | ADD | 0001 | src | dest | dest

Is the statutory ban against idling motor vehicle engines is helpful in improving the air quality of Hong Kong? Essay

Although the statutory ban against idling motor vehicle engines is helpful in improving the air quality of Hong Kong, there are some exemptions which cannot be avoided. For example : traffic jams occur and all the vehicles will remain stationary but have their engines on. This situation cannot apply to the ban because the drivers are forced to idle their cars and they are not willing to do that, so they are not considered to violate the law. Another exemption is that some vehicles need to keep their engines on in order to prevent the deterioration of their goods, such as vehicles which their owners sell their ice-cream and the engines are needed to turn on in order to provide the refrigerative function. Therefore, can we say that the ban is effective? In our group, we all agree that it is ineffective in lowering the API of Hong Kong because there are many exemptions in the ban and a lot of drivers can escape from the law. Furthermore, the sources of air pollutants are not only from the vehicles, but also from the operations of factories and power stations, so only establishing law to prevent the drivers from idling the motor vehicle engines is not enough to protect our living environment. We need to have other possible solutions to help meliorating the problem. In order to reduce the air pollutants emitted by the vehicles, we suggest installing a 3-way catalytic converter, which can oxidize carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide 2CO + O2 —> 2CO2, unburnt hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water CxH2x+2 + (3x+1)/2 O2 —> xCO2 + (x+1) H2O and reduce nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxygen 2NOx —?N2 ? xO2. Nevertheless, the catalytic converter cannot be used on leaded petrol vehicles because Lead will poison the catalyst such as Platinum inside the converter. Indeed, there are more possible solutions to solve the problem. Expanding the rail network or using public transports instead of private cars can also improve the air quality because the amount of cars used can be reduced and the emission of pollutants from cars can also be diminished. The usage of environment-friendly cars are also effective due to the use of electricity instead of hydrocarbons to provide fuels for motion, but these types of cars have a higher cost and inconvenient for charging the batteries frequently. Moreover, planting trees not only can help absorbing the excess carbon dioxide emitted from power stations or vehicles, this method can also help regulating the temperature because carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas which can cause global warming. To conclude, all people should have the responsibilities to take part in improving the air quality. The statutory ban is not sufficient to improve the air quality, so other methods which have mentioned before should be introduced. If people in Hong Kong can have more concern about our poor living environment, we are sure that they will contribute for improving it throughout their daily lives. We hope that people can pay more attention to this situation and thus Hong Kong’s API can be lowered

Analyse the ways in which different pre 1914 poets Essay Example

Analyse the ways in which different pre 1914 poets Essay Example Analyse the ways in which different pre 1914 poets Paper Analyse the ways in which different pre 1914 poets Paper Essay Topic: Poetry In this essay, I will be writing about how the relationships between the men and the women are. My main focus is on the relationships of love in all the poems from the pre 1914 poem clusters. All five poems comprises of including love and the mutual relationship between both the sexes. The themes used throughout the poems are associated with love, jealousy and wealth. These are the three main causes of destruction of ones life. It can pressurize you to do anything. For example, in My Last Duchess the duke kills the duchess for personal gains and the cause of her death was the dukes jealousy of the duchess talking with other men joyfully. Also, in The Highway Man they show how the wife sacrifices her life to save her husbands life, this is because of their relationship of marriage, romance and love. When we read the five poems, we gather that the poems all have different motifs of the relationships in the poems. The authors use language techniques to deliver the impact and emphasis of the poem to the reader such as by using ellipses to create dramatic effects, repetition to render emphasis on the word and imagery to produce a vivid image for the reader to visualize the story. They all differ from each other in many ways. All the poems use different word selections and all the poems use different settings of places. All the poems have different attitudes towards how the characters portray hate on the basis for their own love or gain, for example, The Laboratory, the lady in the poem is preparing a potion to kill her husbands relationship with another woman or lovers affair with another woman to show how much she is possessive about her husband or lover. There is no reference in the poem to as to she is referring to her husband or lover. In the era of which these poems were written, men were thought to be superior and women were treated no more than merely being house wives. In some of the poems such as The Laboratory the woman is killing another woman to save her own life from being destructed and this issue is all because of her husband or lover. The common relationships between the poems are of how all of the poems involve romance in some form if tied in a relationship or not but however they are mystical, mythical or unrealistic. La Belle Dame Sans Merci shows a mystical woman and how the knight falls in love with her. All the poems have two to four characters included which of them two are the man and the woman who are in love or hate relationship and the others being jealous. My interpretation will be on My Last Duchess by Robert Browning and La Belle Dame Sans Merci by John Keats. Both titles may tell the reader what the poem is based on and what may happen. In the poem, My Last Duchess, the duke explains how she was his LAST duchess and what happened to her. Brownings poem is a dramatic monologue and the La Belle Dame Sans Merci being a ballad which is known for the end to be tragic in French meaning the beautiful woman with no mercy. This title shows us how there would be a good looking girl who used her beauty to entice the men. Ballads are poems that are usually sung in an orchestral manner and emphasises on stress lines. Dramatic monologues is like a speech made by one of the character. The main story of My Last Duchess in brief would be that there was a duke who had ordered his wife to be killed as he was not satisfied of her due to her exchanging smiles with other men. He felt unsecured and also jealous of her wife being so beautiful that she could attract other people and that the other men would look at her and compliment her. The core narrative in La Belle Dame Sans Merci was about an unknown woman who spoke another language and maybe mythical. The writer does not give us full details about the lady and the information given is vague and is left for the reader to complete her description. The knight meets this mysterious lady that captures him into her trap. Alone and palely loitering he is shown as being lonely and depressed throughout the poem and also fantasises in being in love with a faerys child. There are a lot of different ways to explore ideas in the two poems. The methods used in both of the poems are to define the settings to a limit in to where the characters of the poem can be introduced. In the first two stanzas of La Belle Dame Sans Merci, the poet describes the nature by the use of tame animals as no birds sing and the squirrels granary is full. Similarly, in My Last Duchess the first 10 lines starts informally with vivid and abrupt information about who the duchess was and who painted the portrait. Noticing that there is no reference of the word duke throughout the whole poem and he is only shown as husband, your master and sir. He does not call himself the duke and he uses his predominance with his royal word selection. Throughout the poem, in My Last Duchess, the duke shows him self as being a highly and bossy aristocrat. He dislikes his last duchess because she had a flirtatious nature and she was too soon made glad. He felt real timid in the sense of losing her. He did not appreciate her flirting with other men. The dukes attitude is exposed by the ellipses which show the emphasised dramatic pauses. He doesnt positively comment on the duchesss personality and only makes remarks on how her body figure is and how his favour at her breast was. This poem is spoken in 1st person with a silent listener. This shows that the duke was not fond of being interrupted between his talks and also he expected the listener to listen well. The duke emphasises on the painting as if it were a masterpiece drawn by a great artist. He also is very proud of nine-hundred-years-old name showing the different types of arts he had that he was loved arts of different eras and also getting it specially painted by a great artist who is unknown but told to the readers to be Fra` Pandolf. He places this hand painted picture behind the curtain. Before her death, she was smiling at every man that she saw, but now she is powered by the duke himself as to who sees the picture and who doesnt. I gave commands; then all smiles stopped together with his one order she is killed or locked up, and this is a matter that needs to be hidden as the law can suspect him fro murder. He was not scared of anyone because he had power and ego that would not stoop. He gets his servants in to Notice Neptune, though, taming a sea horse, Neptune being the Roman god of sea whose chariots are pulled by sea horses. The duke takes the women to be sea horses. Throughout the poem, the main theme is about jealousy. The duke being very ominous is very arrogant because of his status and power. Out of all the characters, he is at the top of the hierarchy and he also takes law in to his own hands without being ashamed of admitting his crime. This shows that he is in level with god to kill and take lives of people. The dukes relationship with the duchess was a divine bond of marriage which comprises of some mutual promises. As observed in the poem, he did not treat the duchess like his wife and only used her for a figure and femininity. He was too over protective over his wife because her looks went everywhere. The duke did not want to stoop in to wasting his time teaching his wife (s) what he expected them of and to what standards. The duke is also sceptical as he highlights that this is his last duchess. La Belle Dame Sans Merci is a folk ballad by John Keats. This ballad conveys a moral and a lot of repetition are used to create emphasis. In the first three stanzas there is not much details about the characters and sets the scene as where the event followed by happens. In the poem, lots of imagery is used to create prominence towards the dramatic effect. For example, cheeks a fading rose this line makes the reader visualise the fading pink in their minds. This tries to put the reader in to the book as they are included by imagery. This poem is left for the reader to understand and to allow them to use their imagination. This poem is read out in first person, and there is a silent listener. In the poem, there are many references to warning but it is left aside by the knight as he was captured in to the unknown ladys web. Her eyes were wild, made sweet moan and language strange shows us that she was weird and abnormal. It also shows how wild she was and the reader can maybe call her to be a vicious animal. In this poem, the relationship is controlled by the unknown lady. They have romance and the knight thought that she said I love thee true in a different language being fantasising until he is being made to sleep by the lady. The relationship between the unknown lady and this knight are formal and they are two strangers. They fall in love from the knights point of view. The person saying the poem could be the narrator or an imaginary person. They have no proper relationship between the two other than the romance they have between them. This poem conversely, with the other poem, shows that the woman had more power than the man in this poem because of her beauty and in My Last Duchess the man had more power because of his wealth and status. My Last Duchess being written in 1842, shows more new English than the La Belle Dame Sans Merci which is written in 1819 which is generally old English. Women were still unequal to men at those times and were thought as a mans possession and nothing more. They did not have much fame in this period of early pre 19th century poems. Robert browning had more experience in writing poems than John Keats as he died at the age of 26 and My Last Duchess was written where Browning was 30 years old. In the poem, My Last Duchess, there is a reference to his old name and he is proud of it. Hes been passed this wealth and status by his ancestors. In La Belle Dame Sans Merci, there is no context of historical background shown. In this era, the audience use to be interested in love and hate related poems. We can research that My Last Duchess was based in Italy as Ferrara was a city in the north of Italy and La Belle Dame Sans Merci being in France or Britain, because the title itself suggests it would be in France. Nearly all men at that era were centric as they had pride in themselves of being a man. The understanding of the knight is clear to the readers whereas the unknown eccentric lady who spoke another language was left half described and this was because Keats wanted the reader to use their imagination to create the other half. The language of the poems can suggest different states of mind. When we look at the language, we can tell around what year it was written in. The language used would not be written in these days. The formality in My Last Duchess can be seen clearly compared to La Belle Dame Sans Merci just by looking at the two poems side by side. There is language techniques used in both poems. In My Last Duchess, Browning uses vague language and also the language evidently shows how the duchess was killed because of her physical appearance and her flirtatious nature. The poet also includes verbal irony between the listener and the duke. In La Belle Dame Sans Merci, some old words are used such as sedge and woe betide which shows the language to be Victorian and to be in old English, whereas in comparison to the My Last Duchess, the poet uses words that are understandable in modern English. The structure of the poem is also important. The structure of My Last Duchess includes iambic pentameters for e. g. lines 1-2 from My Last Duchess. It also has a ABAB rhyming scheme throughout the whole poem. The structure of this poem being a dramatic monologue the speaker is telling the whole poem with a silent listener in the poem. There is more dramatic effect and we sympathize with the speaker as he is telling a story from his point of view. The structure of La Belle Dame Sans Merci uses a typical ballad-style rhyming scheme by using ABCB. There are 8 syllables in the first three lines of each stanza and the last being 4 syllables. This shows us that the first three lines are longer than the last line which is a quick paced sentence. This poem being a folk ballad, there is a story in a song and has 4-6 lines in each stanza. Keats also used melancholy as a base theme for the knight as before he met the lady, he was depressed and even after meeting the lady, he is shown as being more depressed and lonelier. Keats shows this distress by the repetition of alone in the first and the last stanza which shows he was distressed and still is distressed after falling in love with a mystical woman. All the poems share some common characteristics of the theme of love, hate and jealousy. They are pre 19th poems which were likely to include these themes in the poem to gain readers interest. There are some similarities between the poems. All of them include some sort of romance between the man and the woman but most of them are mystical, mythical or unrealistic or they involve some of the characters to be lonely. Most of the poems also include references to aristocracy. The main key reference is to death. All the poems include death in some form. The poets all use symbolism within their poems by using colour or natural imagery. On the other hand, they also have differences between all the five poems. The titles of the poems refer to a character in the poem such as My Last Duchess being the duchess in the poem, The Highway Man being the highway man itself. Jealousy is involved in all the poems other than La Belle Dame Sans Merci as there are two people involved and there is no hate but a mystical character takes the life of a real person. Finally, two of the poems are monologues and the other three poems are ballads. My favourite poem was The Highway Man because it was a tragic story in a poem and being a ballad its meant to be sung. It is livelier if you are listening to the ballad of this poem being sung. It was a theme based on sacrifice and immense love that the two lovers would give their life away to save the other. There is a solemn understanding between the characters until the third person who is jealous comes in to their peaceful lives to disrupt them and at this extent to have them killed as he was in love with the highway mans wife. Alfred Noyes uses the typical structure of setting the scene, introducing the characters, the plot and then the ending. The characters also match with the period as in the pre 19th century, the highway men were seen as romantic figures, bold and dressed formally. The poem I disliked was The Lady of Shalott by Alfred Tennyson. I disliked this poem because the poem is really unrealistic and now in modern days, no one believes in curses as much as they do in ghosts. They would rather agree with the knight that he was talking to a unknown lady than to agree with someone getting cursed and then therefore they can only see the town in the mirrors reflection. It is more like a fairy tale than a poem thats in a ballad form.

Adidass Strategy

Adidass Strategy Free Online Research Papers What is adidass corporate strategy? â€Å"To lead the sporting goods industry with brands built on a passion for sports and a sporting lifestyle. To provide athletes with the best possible equipment to optimize their performance. Leveraging opportunities across their brand portfolio 1.Market penetration – gaining market share across all markets in which they compete 2.Market development – expanding into new markets and addressing new consumer segments To have a leading market positions in all regions where we compete. Leading though innovation and design Customizing distribution 1.Mono-branded stores run by retail partners 2.Shop-in-shops that Adidas establish with their key accounts 3.Joint ventures with their retail partners 4.Co-branded stores with sports organizations or other brands Creating shareholder value† Was there a common strategic approach used in managing the companys lineup of sporting goods businesses prior to its 2005–2006 restructuring? No, Adidas was trying to regain the number one position within the sporting goods industry by investing in many different areas of sporting goods. â€Å"Adidas’s 1998 acquisition of Salomon had several businesses that adidas’s management viewed as attractive-its Salomon ski division was the leading producer of ski equipment: TaylorMade Golf was the second-largest seller of golf equipment; and Mavic was the leading producer of high-performance bicycle wheels and rims.† Adidas was not focused on athletic footwear and started selling bike wheels and rims that had nothing in common with their main business of athletes’ footwear. Also the ski division was out of line with their many main business goals and strategies. Has the corporate strategy changed with restructuring? Yes, Adidas sold the divisions that were not inline with their main strategy or didn’t have noting in common with their main business. â€Å"Adidas announced near the end of its second quarter 2005 that it would divest its winter sports brands and Mavic bicycle components before the end of the year.† Adidas started focusing on its main business strategies and divisions that were in common with the strategies. â€Å"Adidas’s October 2005 announcement that it would acquire Reebok International Ltd for three point eight billion was the final component of a restructuring initiative that would focus the company’s business lineup primarily on athletic footwear and apparel and golf equipment by 2006.† With the restructuring and acquisition of Reebok the company strategy has changed. The new Adidas will start focusing on their core business strengths in the athletic footwear and apparel business. The combined companies will offer the spectrum of their product mix to gain a greater combined market share. â€Å"The brand adidas will continue to have a clear focus on sport performance and will highlight team sports, while brand Reebok will be positioned as a fitness oriented, sports-lifestyle brand with the focus on individual performance. The positioning will also be reflected in the distinct brand communication to reach different consumers.† What is your evaluation of adidass 1998 acquisition of Salomon SA? Adidas should have not acquired Salomon SA since they did not have the knowledge to run the division and it made adidas to diverse. â€Å"A Merrill Lynch analyst suggested that the Salomon acquisition might prove troublesome for adidas since other athletic shoe companies had dabbled in the hard goods segment, but they have been unsuccessful to date in making inroads.† By adidas becoming too diverse, they were unable to capitalize on any value chains and unable to cross promote their products. The acquisition did give adidas more market share â€Å"Adidas’s 1.5 billion acquisition of Salomon allowed it to surpass Reebok to become the world’s second-largest sporting goods company† This was not a good business decision because adidas already owned Reebok and just because they gain market share showed that the end result would not be profitable (bigger is not always better). Did the acquisition achieve the Robert Louis-Dreyfuss objective of putting together the best portfolio of sports brands in the world? NO. Louis-Dreyfus used 100 percent debt financing to create adidas-Salomon thinking that the new business units would boost adidas’s pretax profit by 20-25 percent, however, Louis-Dreyfus’s projections never materialized. In 2000 Louis-Dreyfus resigned since his objective failed. What does a 9-cell industry attractiveness/business strength matrix displaying adidas-Salomons business units look like? A 9-cell industry attractiveness/business strength matrix for the time would have showed that the combination of adidas and Salomon AS would not be a good fit. Adidas brought to the deal a company that had underestimated the competitor (Nike), falling to the eighth position of athletic footwear market within the United States. Their was no competitive advantage for adidas within an maturing industry. Both adidas and Salomon had challenges within their industries that were not fix or address before or during the merger. Did adidass business lineup prior to the divestiture of Salomon and Mavic exhibit good strategic fit? No, at first it looks like a very good fit since both companies are in the sporting goods industry and having well known brand names. Both of them have strong apparel lines and having presence in similar geographical regions. However, it’s obvious that the hard-goods categories of Salomon and Mavic would not create synergies with the apparel and footwear industries of adidas. Skill transfers between the businesses would have been a problem to because each business was so different. What value-chain match ups existed? Adida’s knowledge in the apparel and footwear industries were a good match up for running TaylorMade, Salomon, etc. footwear and apparel lines. What opportunities for skills transfer, cost sharing, or brand sharing were evident? Adidas should have gain more bargaining power that should have resulted in cost savings for all the companies. Advertising cost could have been shared since all the companies are in the sporting goods industry. TaylorMade can use adidas’s apparel and footwear manufacturing strengths to its advantage to come up with more apparel and footwear products to increase its market share. Cost reduction learned from adidas could be used at TaylorMade to save money. What strategic fits will be possible once Reebok International is acquired? Reebok will give adidas’s company the ability to position adidas as a technologically superior shoe designed for athletes and adidas can then focus on the high-end of the markets. Reebok would be positioned as leisure shoes that would sell at middle price points. Adidas can keep endorsement contracts with respected athletes and Reebok’s endorsements would be from more edgy celebrities. This is a great strategic fit since both companies are in the same line of business, but in different segments of the market and so they compliment each other. Another great fits is that Reebok would keep its CEO to lead Reebok after the acquisition so both companies will have the management that knows how to run their part of the business. Did adidass business lineup exhibit good resource fit between 1998 and 2004? No, because the businesses were too different in order to gain any economies of scale from combined production. Management skills and employee skills could not be moved from one company to the other without retraining. What were the financial characteristics of each of three major segments? Exhibit 5 Adidas 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 Net Sales 80% 79% 78% 79% 80% 83% 85% Gross profit 75% 71% 71% 71% 75% 82% 86% Operating profit 88% 78% 75% 74% 79% 87% 94% Salomon 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 Net Sales 10% 10% 10% 12% 12% 11% 10% Gross profit 8.47% 9% 10% 12% 12% 10% 9% Operating profit 2% 7% 9% 13% 12% 6% 1% TaylorMade 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 Net Sales 10% 10% 11% 9% 8% 6% 5% Gross profit 9.74% 10% 12% 11% 4% 7% 6% Operating profit 10% 14% 16% 13% 9% 6% 5% Salomon was far behind Adidas and TaylorMade with operating profit declining from 2002. As of 2004 Salomon is getting to the point where it is just able to cover expenses. Which businesses might have been considered cash hogs and cash cows? Adidas is the cash cow with 75% gross profit. Solomon is the cash hog with only 9% operating profits then TaylorMade is the second cash hog How did adidas-Salomons performance vary by geographic region? On average from 1998 2004 Europe with 51% of adidas’s sales Asian with 16% of adidas’s sales Latin American with 3% of adidas’s sales Based on your analysis of adidas-Salomon businesses, did the 2005 restructuring make sense? Yes It allowed adidas to focus back on its core business of athletic footwear and apparel. At also allowed adidas to get rid of businesses that it was unable to manage. Does it appear the acquisition of Reebok International will produce positive results for shareholders? Yes, since adidas sales has gained more market share in china, overtaking Nike within that business region. What strategic actions should adidas CEO Herbert Hainer initiate to improve the companys financial and market performance now that the restructuring is nearing completion? Grow in other location out side of Europe. Adidas must increase market share in North America. Either sell or get the Salomon’s division more profitable. Focus on getting more business within the basketball area’s were Nike is slam dunking them at the hoops. Work Cited adidas-group.com/en/investor/strategy/default.asp Crafting and Executing Strategy: The Quest for Competitive Advantage- Concepts and Cases, 15th ed., by Arthur A. Thompson Jr, A. J. Strickland III, and John E. Gamble (New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2007). Crafting and Executing Strategy: The Quest for Competitive Advantage- Concepts and Cases, 15th ed., by Arthur A. Thompson Jr, A. J. Strickland III, and John E. Gamble (New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2007). Crafting and Executing Strategy: The Quest for Competitive Advantage- Concepts and Cases, 15th ed., by Arthur A. Thompson Jr, A. J. Strickland III, and John E. Gamble (New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2007). businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/aug2005/nf2005088_0844_db008.htm Crafting and Executing Strategy: The Quest for Competitive Advantage- Concepts and Cases, 15th ed., by Arthur A. Thompson Jr, A. J. Strickland III, and John E. Gamble (New York: Mc Graw-Hill/Irwin, 2007). Crafting and Executing Strategy: The Quest for Competitive Advantage- Concepts and Cases, 15th ed., by Arthur A. Thompson Jr, A. J. Strickland III, and John E. Gamble (New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2007). Research Papers on Adidas's StrategyAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductOpen Architechture a white paperDefinition of Export QuotasBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfPETSTEL analysis of IndiaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Project Managment Office SystemTwilight of the UAWRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Extended School Year Services (ESY) for Students with Special Needs

Extended School Year Services (ESY) for Students with Special Needs ESY, or Extended School Year, is additional instructional support for students with disabilities, required by the Individuals with Disabilities Act. Why is ESY necessary? Some students with special needs are in jeopardy of not being able to retain the skills they have learned during the school year unless given additional support throughout the summer. Those students eligible for ESY will receive an individualized program to support their learning and retention of skill throughout the summer holidays. What does IDEA say about ESY? Under (34 CFR Part 300) in IDEA Regulations (not the Act): Extended school year services must be provided only if a childs IEP team determines, on an individual basis, in accordance with 300.340-300.350, that the services are necessary for the provision of FAPE to the child. The term extended school year services means special education and related services that- (1) Are provided to a child with a disability- (i) Beyond the normal school year of the public agency;(ii) In accordance with the childs IEP; and(iii) At no cost to the parents of the child; and(2) Meet the standards of the IDEA  Ã‚  (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) How can I determine if a child qualifies? The school, through the IEP team, will decide if the child will qualify for ESY Services. The decision will be based on a variety of factors which include: the childs rate of progressthe degree of impairmentthe childs behavioral and/or physical problemsavailability of resourcesthe vocational and transitional needs of the childthe childs ability to interact with non-disabled childrenand whether the service requested is extraordinary rather than usual in consideration of the childs condition. It is important to remember, the key to qualifying is the childs regression during school breaks, these should be well documented and records or any supporting data should be on hand for the team meeting. The school team will also take into consideration the childs previous history, in other words, did having summer holidays mean re-teaching skills again upon school startup? The school team will look at previous regression. It is important to note that most students dont retain all skills taught, hence a spiraling curriculum. The degree of regression must be relatively extreme to qualify for ESY Services. How much will I have to pay? There is no cost to the parent for ESY. The educational jurisdiction/district will cover the costs. However, not all students with disabilities will qualify. ESY services are provided only if the child meets certain criteria determined by law and the specific districts policy. What are some of the services provided?The services are individualized based on the students needs and will vary. They could include, physical therapy, behavioral support, instructional services, take home packages for parental implementation with consultative services, coaching, small group instruction just to name a few. ESY does not support the learning of new skills but the retention of those already taught. Districts will vary in their form of services offered. Where can I find more information about ESY? You will need to check with your own educational jurisdiction as some states vary in their standards regarding ESY. You will also want to read the section noted above in the IDEA regulations. Be sure to ask your district for a copy of their ESY guidelines. Note, that you should look into this service well in advance of any school break/holiday.

Introduction to Indigenous Studies ( Reaction Paper) Essay - 1

Introduction to Indigenous Studies ( Reaction Paper) - Essay Example It is clearly evident that there was the struggle as well as the partition of the various countries. It is therefore important to note that this kind of activity therefore led to the various countries struggling to take control of the other country in the name of the captured states being colonies. It was therefore this reason that therefore led to the collision that was between the colonial governments as well as the local governments. It is therefore important to note that this collision led to the countries engaging themselves in wars. It is therefore these factors that so led to the present states of the various nations. In this case therefore, the writer talks of the intergenerational trauma. Under this, it is important to highlight that the earlier generations underwent certain forms of violence s that they could have the freedom. It is his freedom that is enjoyed by the other persons in the various parts of the world that were colonized. It is important to note that these people who fought for the rights of the people, and also fought to have their country as they wanted. The people were tortured in several ways by the colonialists and that they had no good form of treatment in the various places that they were taken to for the captivity. It is was therefore this reason that the families found it so sad to bear the torture that their people underwent in their captivity. In this, it is important to highlight that this kind of trauma that the people underwent in their areas of captivity was passed from generation to generation. This is in the sense that as it is said and biologically logical that a snake gives birth to a snake, the off springs of the people who were tortured and captured had to into the same ways that their parents went through and therefore were as well subjected to the same treatment. They also wanted to fight or their freedom, in revenge for the acts that their parents went through

Ronald Reagan's Presidency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ronald Reagan's Presidency - Essay Example Finally, he came to his economic belief system through his own study of the free market (278). Reagan's transition from Democrat to Republic and his later adoption as a symbol of conservative republicanism will be discussed in this essay through a critical analysis of his economic policy and position on Social Security reform. President Reagan's economic policy was broadly set in a speech he gave as a candidate on 9 September 1980. In it, he outlined a program based on a rejection of Keynesian economics. He supported cuts in the marginal tax rate and reductions in business taxes. He argued for the elimination of wasteful government spending and for a balanced budget (Hogan 1990a, 218). So when the economic package was revealed to public, its central themes should have surprised no one: tax cuts, reductions in the rate of growth of government spending, deregulation and the slow, stable growth of the money supply (Hogan 1990a, 222; Busch 2005, 29). The tax cuts, which were important to Reagan (due to his personal experiences with taxation) specified a 10% rate reduction for three consecutive years, cuts in business taxes, the elimination of bracket creep (the process by which inflation pushes income earners into higher tax brackets even though their income has not increased enough in "real" dollars to warra nt such a raise), capital gains tax reductions, lower estate and gift taxes and the faster depreciation on business investments (Schaller 1992, 42). The Reagan tax cuts were favored by the public as most people would prefer to retain more of their income, and by many members who wanted to take some credit. It also presented the public with an image of induced economic growth that was painless in comparison to strict budget balancing and economic controls (Hogan 1990b, 147). Reagan's Fiscal Year (FY) 1982 budget projected federal spending at $659.5 billion with a deficit of $45 billion. It included non-defense reductions of around $41.4 billion and an additional $200 billion is cuts over the next three years. A balanced budget was forecast for 1984. Marginal tax rates would be cut from a range from 14% to 70% to one between 10% and 50%. Many social programs would be shifted to the states (Sloan 1999, 115-116; Schaller 1992, 42). His alterations were in the conservative tradition. Government's domestic spending would be cut coinciding with a cut in its major source of revenue. This would act as a constraint against further unchecked growth. A budget victory was also a necessary prerequisite for the upcoming tax cuts; since Reagan wanted lower taxes, he would first need to address the budget. The budget battle took place over two phases. The first phase involved a Democratic alternative to the Reagan plan that was similar to the president's but different in some major ways. It involved a single year tax cut and increases in spending reductions (Hogan 1990b, 147). Reagan was not willing to trade his three year tax cuts for increased spending cuts, so a short battle in the House resulted. The winner, the administration backed mandated spending reductions on over 200 domestic programs by over $136 billion between FY 1982-1984. The entire program was put into a single bill, which meant all reductions would be considered together and decided by one vote on the floor (148). Reagan's

Literacy narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Literacy narrative - Essay Example I have always been in love with Engines and machines, the ability of doing it in the US was a great opportunity, but doing it without ample knowledge on written and spoken English would be like putting the cart before the horse because I would not do Engineering to my full potential. To be able to obtain my bachelor degree in Civil engineering at Rodger Williams University in the US, I had to first enroll for English classes at ELS English centre just within the same university’s campus in Bristol town. Bristol is a small town located at the centre of the smallest state in the union of Rhode Island. I experienced the beauty of heavens in Rode Island, the breeze from the large water body cooled me off while I enjoyed the summer, the weather was fantastic, and the warmth of the people around me soothed me and made me feel at home. The act of learning became more comprehensible for thanks to the support of my teachers, at the same time I also managed to make new friends and my so cial life was full of fun especially during the weekends. I took my writing skills and style learning in a slow and steady manner, I never wanted to rush thing over because I already learnt that slow and steady wins the race. Among the classes I undertook was the reading and writing class, the fact that it begun in the morning was a big boost to me because I was still as fresh as the word fresh itself and my mood was always good for learning and Mrs. Carol too set a good atmosphere for the learning experience and I started to see the daylight in the English language. The help provided by Mrs. Carol always prevented me from turning tail when things seemed to be a little harder. She was ever present in her office for consultations and any other questions I always had. There is this instance of the process that I will never forget; it is one of the memorable moments in my English studying process. She gave an assignment of comparing two things within an article and the time span for it s completion was includes as twenty four hours. The assignment was well described by her as an open book including the thesis statement; still I found this to be as hard as a rock. I thought that the reason for not seeing the light at the end of the tunnel for this assignment was because it was the first I ever had, I went ahead and gave it all my all expecting to surprise my teacher by making up to the mark. After presenting the assignment, I was astonished when my teacher asked, ‘Where is your thesis, Mohammed?’ Knowing that it was a statement I decided to make a statement of the conclusion an escape goat to her question instead I was moving wide of the mark. The teacher asked me how I was going to make my readers understand how I was going to make my readers understand what I was talking about if I placed my thesis at the end of the article. She pointed out that the thesis should always be in the introduction. I was not the only fish in the pool; there were also othe r international students that had the same problem as me. Mrs. Carol therefore, trying to offer solution to my problem decided to give me links to websites and articles that were written in English so that I could practice identification of thesis in them. I went home with a strategy after getting a

SWOT annalysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SWOT annalysis - Assignment Example This paper examines the company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats as depicted in the Figure 1 below. With regard to strengths, PepsiCo, Inc. is renown in maintaining top brands. Indeed, Pepsi is one of the most recognized brands in the globe. In the year 2008 for example, Pepsi featured in the 28th position in the top 100 global brands rankings. Furthermore, most of its other brands are top brands as well. They include Diet Pepsi, Lipton Teas, Tropicana, Aquafina Bottled Water, Quaker Foods and Snacks, Tostitos, Sierra Mist, Gastorade Mountain view among many others. Most of these brands dominate in over 200 countries worldwide. Another strength of PepsiCo, Inc. is product diversification. In this regards, Pepsi maintains a wide variety of products including juice drinks, snacks, bottled water, breakfast cereals, ready-to-drink beverages, cakes, among other. Also, PepsiCo, Inc. maintains an excellent distribution channel. In this regards, the company enhances proper the delivery of its products directly from the places of manufacture to the consumers and retail stores. The company also markets their own products, giving them a competitive advantage. With regards to weakness, PepsiCo, Inc. heavily depends on Wal-Mart. Approximately 12 percent of PepsiCo’s total net sales is sold to Wal-Mart (Datemornitor, 2011). This therefore implies that PepsiCo is greatly affected by Wal-Mart’s strategies to large extents. For instance, Wal-Mart’s low price strategy mounts lots of pressures to PepsiCo, Inc. Overreliance on the US markets also constitutes PepsiCo’s weakness. In this regards, a substantial portion of PepsiCo’s revenues originate from the United States. As such, the company is largely affected by changes in the economic condition in the US economy. With reference to opportunities, PepsiCo continues to broaden its product base. For example, PepsiCo, Inc. recently

Construction Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Construction Industry - Essay Example The second part focuses on the construction industry in Britain and its problem of skill shortage. The last section, using a report by international project and cost managers, Gardiner and Theobald titled, 'London Wins 2012 Olympic Gamesbut Don't Panic.' illustrates why the British construction industry can meet the Olympics challenge (The report can be viewed at the Gardiner and Theobald Website at http://www.gardiner.com/NewsSystem/newstext/Olympics2.pdf) London will be the host city for the 2012 Olympic games. The games will be held in 33 venues across London and the UK. Construction work is complete in just 18 venues. The rest have to be built from scratch or will require major renovation prior to the Olympics .The centerpiece of the games will be the Olympic park in London. According to the Chartered Institute of Builders (CIOB) Position Statement on the London Olympics 2012, the Construction Products Association estimates that the Olympics will generate 10bn of investment in Britain, 2.5bn of which will be construction related. The CIOB statement also states that Consultancy Deloitte estimates about 12,000 jobs will be created in the construction sector. (The CIOB position statement can be viewed at http://194.217.225.164/media/CIOB-PS-LondonOlympics2012.pdf) The Department of Education and Skills has said that the construction industry needs around 88,000 new entrants every year in craft, technical, professional and management roles. In a press notice, it has stated that according to the National Employer Skills Survey (NESS) 2004, there are over 32,000 vacancies in the industry, 13,700 of which are skill shortage vacancies. In order to develop construction skills for major projects associated with the Olympics, a National Skills Academy has been set up. (The press release can be viewed at the Department of Education and Skills website at http://www.dfes.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgipn_id=2005_0129) According to a survey conducted by the CIOB, 89% of respondents felt there was a shortage of training placements in Britain. They felt that one of the prime causes for the construction skills shortage was the poor image of the industry, which was competing with several newer and more attractive industries. Besides these, they felt that certain policies pertaining to new-entrants also resulted in skill shortages. (The CIOB press release on skills shortage survey can be viewed at http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/releaseid=151701) The construction industry often reflects the economy itself. Just like the economy, the construction industry too goes through phases of robust growth, stagnation and even depression. During a lackluster period, skilled workers become redundant and are often forced to seek employment elsewhere or even switch professions. However, when the industry starts to look up, there is again a need for trained people, thus leading to a skill shortage. The Huntsman Associates report titled 'Staffing the Construction Industry in the North East' discusses the nature of the construction industry and the availability of skilled professionals in Britain, especially in the northeast region. This report emphasises on factoring this boom/bust nature of the industry while recruiting

Critical analysis of specific drug used in clinical Research Paper

Critical analysis of specific drug used in clinical practice-CO-AMOXICLAV - Research Paper Example 69). Co-amoxiclav is a commonly used antibiotic that works by ensuring that bacterial infections are killed. It is made up of two major ingredients that include amoxicillin (which constitutes penicillin), and the clavulanic acid (Brook, 2001, p. 253). In essence, amoxicillin is the penicillin antibiotic that works by destroying bacteria that are accountable for causing infections. It works by preventing the bacteria from creating or developing cell walls that cause severe infections. However, some bacteria have mechanisms of defending themselves by inactivating the amoxicillin. In this case, the clavulanic acid stops bacteria from generating a chemical that can resist the amoxicillin. The combination of these ingredients enhances the spectrum of action and restores the efficacy of the drug against resistant to the bacteria (Hochadel, 2006, p. 69). The active elements found in co-amoxiclav are amoxicillin trihydrarate as well as potassium clavulanante. The other constituents include microcrystalline cellulose, colloidal silicon dioxide, and even magnesium steate (Joint Formulary Committee, 2014, p. 360). The co-amoxiclav is available in tablets form effective for adults and liquid state that is suitable for children. The drug is administered within different dose strengths that are based on the infection that is being treated. In most cases, the bacterial infections clear after two to three days after using this medication (ODonohue, et al, 2002). Co-amoxiclav effectively treats open wounds caused by animal bites because it is an antibiotic. The drug consists of Augmentin injection, suspension, Augmentin-duo and also tablets with active components of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (Kamphof ,Rustemeyer & Bruynzeel, 2002). The amoxicillin contains the penicillin-type antibiotic that is responsible for destroying bacteria. It works by preventing the bacteria to form cell walls that are central for the bacteria to survive. The cell walls inhibit unwanted

Construction Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Construction Industry - Essay Example The second part focuses on the construction industry in Britain and its problem of skill shortage. The last section, using a report by international project and cost managers, Gardiner and Theobald titled, 'London Wins 2012 Olympic Gamesbut Don't Panic.' illustrates why the British construction industry can meet the Olympics challenge (The report can be viewed at the Gardiner and Theobald Website at http://www.gardiner.com/NewsSystem/newstext/Olympics2.pdf) London will be the host city for the 2012 Olympic games. The games will be held in 33 venues across London and the UK. Construction work is complete in just 18 venues. The rest have to be built from scratch or will require major renovation prior to the Olympics .The centerpiece of the games will be the Olympic park in London. According to the Chartered Institute of Builders (CIOB) Position Statement on the London Olympics 2012, the Construction Products Association estimates that the Olympics will generate 10bn of investment in Britain, 2.5bn of which will be construction related. The CIOB statement also states that Consultancy Deloitte estimates about 12,000 jobs will be created in the construction sector. (The CIOB position statement can be viewed at http://194.217.225.164/media/CIOB-PS-LondonOlympics2012.pdf) The Department of Education and Skills has said that the construction industry needs around 88,000 new entrants every year in craft, technical, professional and management roles. In a press notice, it has stated that according to the National Employer Skills Survey (NESS) 2004, there are over 32,000 vacancies in the industry, 13,700 of which are skill shortage vacancies. In order to develop construction skills for major projects associated with the Olympics, a National Skills Academy has been set up. (The press release can be viewed at the Department of Education and Skills website at http://www.dfes.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgipn_id=2005_0129) According to a survey conducted by the CIOB, 89% of respondents felt there was a shortage of training placements in Britain. They felt that one of the prime causes for the construction skills shortage was the poor image of the industry, which was competing with several newer and more attractive industries. Besides these, they felt that certain policies pertaining to new-entrants also resulted in skill shortages. (The CIOB press release on skills shortage survey can be viewed at http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/releaseid=151701) The construction industry often reflects the economy itself. Just like the economy, the construction industry too goes through phases of robust growth, stagnation and even depression. During a lackluster period, skilled workers become redundant and are often forced to seek employment elsewhere or even switch professions. However, when the industry starts to look up, there is again a need for trained people, thus leading to a skill shortage. The Huntsman Associates report titled 'Staffing the Construction Industry in the North East' discusses the nature of the construction industry and the availability of skilled professionals in Britain, especially in the northeast region. This report emphasises on factoring this boom/bust nature of the industry while recruiting

Week 3 Chapter 7 QM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 3 Chapter 7 QM - Assignment Example These are people with whom company interacts before processes take place are called suppliers. On the other hand, people who come in contact with the company after the process of manufacturing or rendering services are called customers. Whereas, according to the contemporary viewpoint both customers and suppliers are existed inside and outside the company. In the total quality setting, customers play a pivotal and central role as they define quality. In the total quality setting customers are given top priority as they are success determinant for company. Reliable customer (one who makes repeated purchases) ensures the long term success of the company; therefore, its satisfaction is important. Reliable customer is the one who is satisfied with the company’s offerings and keep on making repeated purchases. Reliable customer can only be achieved by the company when he/she is highly satisfied. Customer satisfaction plays a key role in transforming a customer into a reliable customer. This is because once the customer is highly satisfied with what it is getting out of the product or product is exceeding his expectation only then he/she will make repetitive purchase. Otherwise, customer will simply switch to another product. Customer satisfaction can be ensured by bringing company’s employees in close contact with customers in order to find out their problems and complains related to products. Simultaneously, company should bestow powers in employees so that they could take actions to eradicate customer’s problems and make them satisfied in the end. The organization should identify needs of its internal and external customers thoroughly. It should communication with them on the regular basis. Organization should also look into customer’s feedback in order to establish a customer focus structure. Organizations should communicate with their customers on continual basis in order to know about the changes

Emigration Essay Example for Free

Emigration Essay Emigration refers to the process of an individual or a group of people living their place of origin or residence country to live in another country. The concept of emigration is very much similar to immigration except for the native country. It is usually used to describe the act and phenomenon that characterizes human movement between establishment states or boundaries. The act of emigration usually occurs for various reasons; some people might decide to emigrate for political, economic as well as social reasons and others for such personal reasons like the desire to find a spouse while visiting another country and in the process emigrating to settle with them in other cases, old couples may decide to move from cold climates in order to settle in warm climates so as to spend the rest of their lives (Terra D. , 2000). This paper is about the benefits and disadvantages of emigration as a process. It also tackles the issues that have been debated on increasing the number of legal emigrants to the United States. Even though the emigration phenomenon has many ups, often, there are a few downs that come with its. Thus, it is important for both the individual and the states concerned to consider these aspects, before the emigration process is complete. In the U. S there has been a recent political heat generated by both the legal and illegal emigrants to America. Various factors like the war on drugs, terrorism, as well as the national deficit have entirely added the momentum to the debate on emigration. It is projects that by 2015, the total population of emigrants in the U. S would be at about 420 million people. The population of the Hispanics who emigrated from Mexico could be at 100 million, which make about 57 percent of the total number of emigrants to U. S. The U. S offers individuals a chance that often change many lives. For example, a large number of intelligence and ambitious persons, who are seemingly dissatisfied with the state of affairs in the mother countries often, bring these skills to America. The net effect by this is that the country of origin usually loses its most skilled personnel through the brain drain process. This will hinder the development progress of the country. On the other hand the country of destination often benefit from this process as it gets to get the best-trained and skilled personnel (Terra D. , 2000). In fact English and other European citizens who risked a great deal of their lives to sail across the sea founded the U. S. The products processed the skilled individuals can help improve the lives o the people in the mother countries who may not hence have had the technology to provide them in spite of the human resource. Emigration also increases the diversity of a country and its population and at the same time expands the culture of the destination country. The multi-ethnic religion languages and cultures is in America is mothered by other nation; the aspect of diversity offers a more tolerant population which is superficially than the indigenous population. It often presents new ideas perspectives music and food, the world of entertainment is often awash with new ideas and different customs among others that were originally not present. The emigrants in most cases take up the low paying jobs that are labor intensive but which must be done all the same and are usually shunned by the indigenous population. Similarly the additional cheap labor that is provided for by the emigrants aids the flexibility of business resulting in affordable prices better quality products as well as higher profits. One of the factors that affect the cost of doing business is labor thus, when most firms are faced with the crisis of doing low skill jobs like cleaning rooms they are bound to raise wages as high as possible so as to meet the demand or eliminate them altogether. Even though the prospect of higher wages sounds good for the employees it often means higher prices or that the business must operate within lower profit margins would translate to lower stock prices and thus less investment in dollar inflow. However the option of eliminating the positions altogether is not a viable one. As for one the business denies individuals the opportunity to employment on positions it can offer and that the service offered will also be of low quality. For instance the quality of food served would be compromised if dishes cannot be properly cleaned. These issues can best be solved if the base of the labor pool is expanded through the legal emigration process being increased (http://www. balancedpolitics. org/immigration. htm). The emigration phenomenon presents individuals who are struggling in their places of origin the chance for a better life. The history of America is built on individuals who emigrated to U. S and in the process sought opportunity, political as well as religious freedom among other various factors. For instance people should pose in the midst of the debate and ask themselves very pertinent questions like whether emigration are of any significance for America and also understand the issue from the perspective of the emigrant for example imagine you were the emigrant who was faced with starvation, detention without trial or risked hanging for practicing a faith that you so much believed in. r worse still you would not afford other basic human rights like expression the right for free education, medical care among others. Faced with this kind of dilemma anyone would opt for any alternative that is able to offer him or her a better chance to live. The United States is built or the backbone or such individuals who have sacrificed much to achieve this. There are equally very pertinent issues that have been rais ed by the opponents of the emigration process. For example the inflow of may emigrants posses the risk of many opportunities for terrorists drug dealers as well as other criminals to gain access to the country legally. As was demonstrated in the 9/11 tragedy most of the perpetrators legally emigrated to US thus, any chance that would increase the opportunities for entering the country only enhances the possibility of having many terrorists and drug dealers. Once they gain entry they have the freedom to wreck have however still the illegal emigrants pose more threat than the legal ones, as there are no proper records to help trace them (http://www. alancedpolitics. org/immigration. htm). There is also the perception that the emigrant particularly the poorer ones often are a burden on the tax payers in terms of healthcare education welfare among others as they consume more than they are able to give. A majority of emigrants to the United States often starts in the job market at very low wages unless they receive additional training. Apparently the tax system makes the provision of keeping low-income earners exempt from being taxed. This often translates to the case where the level of government resources needed for social security welfare healthcare and other activities like unemployment compensation among others will heavily be increased on the groups on a large that either pays very little or no taxes at all The other issue that is often raised in this debate is that the National identity of the Americans as well the language is slowly disappearing when for instance the debate on the issue of emigrants hotel up, there were numerous protests anti American slurs and Spanish version of the American anthem. This does not auger well for national cohesion, as people would be pulling apart in classes like race, tribes, and religion among others. The other problem that is presented by the emigrants is that less skilled American citizens will continue to earn less and at the same opportunities for this group will diminish as they are in competition with the emigrants. Thus, if the government pumps in more people seeking job opportunities, the amount of opportunities for work decreases. In addition the laws of economic supply as well as demand would certainly push the wages paid to the workers down further than they would be. However with a committed government policy and economic growth some of these fears can be eliminated. In effect the act by the government to decrease or altogether eliminate the chance of legal emigration to the U. S will only serve to create a strong desire for more people to entry the country illegally, Which will eventually result in less assimilation and at the same time fewer taxpaying as well as law abiding citizens in America (Fitzgerald D. , Waldinger R. , 2004 ). Many people have emigrated from their countries to America as the prospect of having a real chance of bettering their lives their children or family. Majorities of the people who have emigrated to American have often been characterized as those who would do all in their capacity just to gain access whether legally or not. This has forced illegal emigrants to often hide. As such they will not formally attend America schools, file tax returns like the rest of the citizens or any other typical activities that Americans undertake. Besides if they are able to break the law by gaining entry in to the country illegally there is no guarantee that this act will stop once they come to America. Consequently the legal emigrants and in particular those that plan to permanently settle in the U.  S are and must pay taxes and will most likely go to school to learn like the rests of the American population. Similarly since they are legally in America, they are less likely to hide and will easily assimilate with the rest of the prospect of losing national identity, language and culture. Finally they can also engage and earn the right to vote and at the same time participate in the political process which basically means they are able to develop a decision making stake in shaping the future of America. Therefore emigration as a process has much to offer for both the country of origin and the designate one.

Pauls Ministry to Thessalonica Essay examples -- Bible Christianity R

The Apostle Paul was a traveling man. One must simply look at the various places where he preached and established churches to confirm this fact. The letters of Paul found in the canonical Bible establish connections with Rome, Corinth, Galatia, Ephesus, Philippi, Colossae, and Thessalonica. Paul was heavily involved with the formation of the church in the final location, a city now known as Thessalonki, and continued to support it through his letters. The church in Thessalonica dealt with much oppression and persecution during its formative years. That kind of beginning contributed to much uncertainty in the young church, especially considering that Paul, its founder, was not always with them. Paul’s ministry to the church can be found in the recordings of his initial visit to Thessalonica, found in Acts 17, and his subsequent letters, 1 and 2 Thessalonians. These sources show a minister trying to answer the questions of new converts dealing with persecution, the second comin g of Jesus Christ, and what their faith actually meant. The very beginning of the church in Thessalonica was bread in violence and persecution. According to the book of Acts and the apostles first letter to the Thessalonians, Paul and Silas first came into Thessalonica on the heels being beaten and imprisoned in Philippi. Despite such an event, Paul continued to preach once he arrived in the city. The author of Acts states that the apostle found a synagogue And Paul went in, as was his custom, and on three sabbath days argued with them from the scriptures, explaining and proving that it was necessary for the Messiah to suffer and to rise from the dead, and saying, This is the Messiah, Jesus whom I am proclaiming to you.[1] Over several weeks, a diverse gro... ...nnotated Bible, New Revised Standard Version. [4] 1 Thessalonians 3:4, New Oxford Annotated Bible, New Revised Standard Version. [5] Bridges, Linda McKinnish, 2 Thessalonians, Mercer Commentary on the Bible, (Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 2005), 1247. [6] 2 Thessalonians 1:4, New Oxford Annotated Bible, New Revised Standard Version. [7] Bridges, Linda McKinnish, 1 Thessalonians, Mercer Commentary on the Bible, (Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 2005), 1245. [8] 1 Thessalonians 4:15, New Oxford Annotated Bible, New Revised Standard Version. [9] Bridges, 2 Thessalonians, 1249. [10] Bridges, 1 Thessalonians, 1245. [11] Ibid., 1245. [12] Ibid., 1245. [13] 1 Thessalonians 5:15-22, New Oxford Annotated Bible, New Revised Standard Version. [14] 1 Thessalonians 2:17, New Oxford Annotated Bible, New Revised Standard Version.

Suffering in Charles Dickens Oliver Twist and James Watsons Talking in Whispers :: English Literature

Suffering in Charles Dickens' 'Oliver Twist' and James Watson's 'Talking in Whispers' I am going to explore the ways in which human suffering is portrayed in Charles Dickens' 'Oliver Twist' and James Watson's 'Talking in Whispers'. I am also going to explore the ways in which sympathy is created for the characters Oliver Twist and Andres Larreta. With consideration of Oliver Twist's and Andres Larreta's suffering I am going to see if they can be considered as heroes. I am going to do all of this by analysing areas of the novels, 'Oliver Twist' and 'Talking in Whispers'. Oliver Twist and Andres Larreta both experience a great deal of suffering. They experience physical, emotional and mental suffering. The societies in which they are a part of also suffer. The suffering of society in both novels 'Oliver Twist' and 'Talking in Whispers' are caused by the authorities. However, the society in 'Talking in Whispers' seems to be much bigger than the society that comes across in 'Oliver Twist'. I think this is because 'Oliver Twist' is mainly about the life of Oliver Twist and how he reunites with some of his relatives, whereas 'Talking in Whispers' mainly focuses on Andres Larreta's life and Chile under dictatorship. It also has lots of information about the Chileans as a whole. Both character's Andres Larreta and Oliver Twist possess heroic qualities. I believe they are both heroes for surviving the suffering they had received. Oliver Twist and Andres Larreta both experience physical and emotional suffering. Oliver Twist is a young child, below the age of 10 years. He experiences a great deal of physical suffering. Oliver experiences abuse at the workhouse. He was very poor and had little food, which made him hungry. He had to work to stay alive. Although his work only earned him just about enough to survive. "The hungry and destitute situation of the infant orphan was duly reported by the workhouse authorities." The author Charles Dickens states that Oliver is hungry and is in a poor situation. Another instance of physical suffering Oliver experiences, is the beating he receives after he has a fight with Noah. "Oliver's clothes had been torn in the beating he had received; his face was bruised and scratched; and his hair scattered over his forehead." Dickens describes his condition and implies to the reader that his beating was rough, violent and severe. He makes the reader sympathise with Oliver. Not only is this physical suffering for Oliver, but for a child as young as Oliver it is also emotional suffering. It leads him to believe nobody cares for him and that he is

Armenian Genocide

Armenian Genocide Power is a five letter word that continues to exist since the time of creation up until now. It has stirred human emotions from exultations to greed. To be above and be of great power over something or someone is a part of human nature. Power has seen the acquisition of great wealth, the growth of empires, the birth of nations and heroes. But the search for power has also been the biggest downfall of men. A great example is the Mass Murder of the Ottoman Empire, also known as the Armenian Genocide. It commenced during and Just after World War 1 and it is one of the most rutal and excruciating mass murders in history.To this day, Turks still continue to deny that this event ever occurred, but the destruction of the Armenians exhibits and illustrates various examples of the word â€Å"genocide†: The deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious, or national group (Wikipedia) The massacre in the Ottoman Empire during 1914-1918 is considered Genocide because the Turks displayed great examples of Denial, Classification and Extermination, which are three of the eight stages of genocide. The Armenian genocide could have been prevented with the help of all the allied countries and German officials.A political group made up of young Turks, the committee of union and progress [CUP], made a secret document which they called â€Å"The Ten Commandments†. The Ten Commandments are basically blue prints for the planned mass murder of the Armenians (notes). Explaining the contents of this document a cover note was written by British officials and it said, â€Å"My informant declares that messengers were sent to the different [governors] in the provinces with instructions o read these orders to them and then return the originals which were to be destroyed† (Crimes Against Humanity 73).The secrecy from the beginning is already an attempt to sow the seed of denial. For further proof that these doc uments were classified, the tenth commandment of the committee of union and progress stated, â€Å"Pay attention to the strictly confidential nature of these instructions, which may not go beyond two or three persons† (Crimes Against Humanity 74). Perpetrators found a way to use language to make it sound acceptable to slaughter Armenians and blame hem for their own sufferings (notes). The play of words can not Justify that those who suffered are the ones at fault.The Turkish government sent billions of dollars supporting congress (notes). ln the beginning of the Armenian Genocide film; the narrator said â€Å"Until this day, Turks still deny that the Armenian Genocide ever happened† (â€Å"Armenian Genocide film†). One saying goes â€Å"where there is smoke, there is fire†. The stench of death is too great to deny. How can one explain the disappearance of a generation, a community, a family? The Turks segregated the Armenians for their suffering and from other countries and also put them into prison.According to the reading, â€Å"At the end of July 191 5, the government began to deport the Armenians of Anatolia and Cilicia, transferring the population from regions which were far distant from the front and where the presence of Armenians could not be regarded as a threat to the Turkish army† (Crimes Against Humanity 85) Armenians were being classified; this is a great example of power at play. Separation was deemed necessary to gather the weak so hat they can easily be crushed by the strong.Turks first targeted to execute the â€Å"Intelligentsia†, the formally educated people which consisted of writers, politicians, poets, doctors, lawyers and etc. (Crimes Against Humanity 84). To get rid of the strong, reliable men, all of them that were 18 and older were shot (note). The Intelligentsia group and men were the first ones killed because they had knowledge and authority; enough knowledge to start revolt and rebellion. A systematic plan was necessary to make sure that the Armenians had no way of getting back their dignity nd their freedom through knowledgeable actions.Women and children were raped and dehumanized (notes). By the end of 1916, more than half of the populations of the Armenians were slaughtered (Crimes Against Humanity 86). This proves that the Armenian genocide happened because genocide means killing of a certain race or tribe. It is proven that some people did try to prevent more genocide against the Armenians. US missionaries, Turkish officials and friends did try to save some Armenians. (Crimes Against Humanity 85). All these actions were simply not enough r were too late for millions of lives were still lost.If only the world was vigilant to the beginning signs of oppression, there will be no such word as â€Å"genocide†. To quote the German Ambassador, Henry Morgenthau â€Å"l shall do nothing whatever for the Armenians† (Crimes Against Humanity 121). Wanting to ma ke a difference Wolff- Matternich tried to do something, but he got shut down and said, â€Å"In order to achieve any success in the Armenian question, we will have to inspire fear in the Turkish government regarding the consequences† (Crimes Against Humanity 121).The differences in opinions overseas did not help in the prevention of the annihilation of the Armenians. While they are debating as to what actions and side to take, the sufferings of the Armenians confounded. One decisive move in the name of what is right and what is Just could have prevented everything. The big question to ask is: WHY? As the Turks continue to deny, the answer to this question will continue to evade history. In conclusion, people should consider everything that the poor Armenians have gone through as genocide.Think about the istory of a whole family, lost. The future of children one will never get to see and a whole country forever mourning for a generation buried in silence. Even if it happened over one hundred years ago, and Justifications after Justifications were made, the terminology â€Å"genocide† is Just but a word to give meaning to a terrifying event. But in simple terms, it is a mass murder of dumbfounding proportions. Many countries and powerful people could have helped and intervened, but they did not.Human actions matter because the burden of guilt is not carried only by the erpetrator, but also of a silent witness to a horrible crime. We are all a product of our past. If one does not acknowledge their past, and learn from its lessons, then the future will be one bleak horizon of uncertainty. An event such as the Armenian genocide should not remain as Just a story to tell from generation to generation. The whole purpose of retelling their story is to touch the core of human sensitivity over and over. To remind each and everyone to value one human life as a million human lives lost for nothing.

On Henrik Ibsen’s Nora in a “Doll’s House” Essay

Henrik Ibsen displays the effect of society’s standard on an ideal family through the interesting characters in his play. Its story lingers on the loveless marriage of Nora and Torvald, and the lives of the supporting characters of the play as they portray society’s take on sexual prejudice and the role it plays on the family unit. Moreover, the story brings out a message that people are not always what they seem on the outside and on first encounters. In the Laws of Morality as presented by Ibsen, individuals had different dilemmas such that a character was developed and recognized in accordance to how he/she deals with it. An individual’s character is not inherited and thus, developed by personal endeavors or one’s own exertion. In today’s community, morality is typically focused on institutions rather than individuals; however the two are inextricably linked. Respect for an individual’s freedom and identity is necessary to sustain mental saneness which is more likely to protect individual freedoms. One such significant character in the play is the protagonist, Nora. Initially, she is introduced in the play as a somewhat childish and submissive wife of the Helmer household. Nora’s husband who constantly refers to her as his â€Å"little squirrel† (Ibsen) or â€Å"skylark† (Ibsen) is constantly implying and enforcing his views of a proper wife on her. This in turn makes the audience think that Nora is a highly dependent wife who relies on her husband’s approval. As the play progresses, Nora displays a rather courageous feat that she has hidden from her family. She had in the past associated with Krogstad on committing fraud to find finances needed in the rehabilitation of her husband’s poor health. To pay for the debts, she works secretly to ensure this. Nora is thrown into a traumatic chaos when Krogstad threatens to reveal their crime in exchange for a favor. She is further set off balance when her husband’s reaction turns out to be the complete opposite of what she hoped for. This circumstance makes her realize the disillusions she had of her marriage and that she has yet to find her true self as an independent being. Having lived an overly protected life under the care of her father and then her husband, she comes to understand that she is living not the life that she wants but of what they have imposed on her. The play ends with Nora leaving her family to embark on a mission to rediscover what she has truly wanted for herself all along. Psychological Effect Due to Unacceptance Nora is first seen as a person who is happy and contented to be the loyal wife and doting mother. While trying to meet the demands of what the society and her husband refers to a proper wife, she deliberately tries to rebel in small ways by lying to her husband about small matters such as eating sweets. Lying on such small things is seen to be psychologically disturbing for Nora, since all things she does seemed to be disapproved by her husband. She later realizes that she was never fully happy and contented living the life that others have arranged for her. Her personal foundation is being individually attached to the community having different cultures, beliefs and fashion preferences compared to hers such that, most of her decisions, likes and dislikes were greatly affected and influenced by the opinions and preferences of the community evolving around her. During the span of her marriage life, she wasn’t allowed and therefore feared to practice her true individual character. Though freedom is something an individual enjoys and is the absence of oppression, it should be practiced that where there is freedom, there is responsibility. This put her in a state of initially accepting her state of living, thus, accomplishing what the community around her believes as a rightful wife to Torvald. However, she discovers that she has been living a lie, hiding the other side of her true personality to the people who were supposed to be her family. Her husband, who she trusted to respond in her honor broke her trust and was more worried on how other people would see the family if they were to know of the crime that she has committed. Freedom is described as rights to personal security, personal expression, and political participation and it is in this respect, that Nora’s freedom of expression of was limited. The Doll in Distress Finding out that she has lost an important part of herself in an empty marriage is a distressing trauma that a lot of people like her deal with. She feels like she has lived an almost empty life as Torvald’s doll and that all her efforts for her husband to appreciate and understand her have proved to be useless. She had lived a life of a doll, where she does what she was told inside the doll house. The shelter that she once considered her home is such a doll house where there are to emotions living and even lingering inside her doll family. Given the traumatic experiences that she has experienced, there is a possibility that she will encounter depression. Moreover, these bouts of depression can lead to possible mental disorders like Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome. We have take note that when she decided to leave her husband, she surmised that their children were better off with their father and not with her. This already tells us that she has also lost her confidence as a good mother to her children. Due to her depressing state, she had taken of towards her freedom, leaving of the great responsibility of being a mother behind her. Such confidence of being a good mother was destroyed due to her situation, carrying her battered morale and vanishing self esteem with her. Leaving the Doll House As Nora breaks out and breaks free from the emotionless house, there is sense of strong will to be, putting a great effort of almost forgetting the family and life she had been attached to for years. In Ibsen’s plot, she placed Nora of having acquired a sense of free willingness by letting go a huge part of her life. In the last part of the play, Nora developed the free willingness to make a big step towards recognizing an emotion that is happening to her and being aware of its effect around her. Tuning in and being aware to her every emotion or feelings makes her manage them enabling her to be confident in her worth and capabilities. Being aware of her self makes her confidently use her abilities. Being aware of ones self and emotions makes her a free willed person. Henrick Ibsen finally ended the play with a display of triumph on Nora’s side, being able to show her true individuality despite of Torvald’s disapproval and concern of the reaction of the community around them, which is in great contrast of the true story where the husband had demanded for a divorce and Nora, who was mentally and emotionally agitated, had a nervous breakdown and confined in a mental institution. Conclusion For sheltered people like Nora, breaking out of their safe zone and embarking on a new environment is a terrifying endeavor. They are more vulnerable to fallbacks because being independent is something that they will have to learn for themselves for the first time on their own. Coping up with stress is harder when a person is unaided. Although she has displayed a great deal of courage by clearly defying the wishes of her husband and leaving altogether the household it is therefore inevitable an emotional pit. It is therefore important that although she has decided to leave the household to be independent, she should be in a place where close acquaintances are available for her emotional support system. In these day and age, support systems in the mental health department are already accessible. Compared to the olden days, it is no longer a taboo issue when one seeks a psychiatrist’s help to clear one’s mindset and consult professionals on how to healthily cope up with stress. People who had experiences like Nora then should not hesitate to consult these services if ever they feel that they need it. More importantly, it is essential that they surround themselves with people who know their plight and not isolate themselves. Individuals are important members of a community for a single community is a composition of different individuals. Being individuals of one community, we are now evolving in a community with different likes, dislikes, culture and tradition. The Helmer’s personal foundation is being individually attached to the community of the same cultures, beliefs and fashion preferences, thus, most of their decisions, likes and dislikes, their way of living were affected by the opinions and preferences of the community evolving around them. So even if an individual is a part of a community, there is a big difference between an individual and a member of a community. In a lonely Doll World, it is therefore important by having an awareness of using our abilities to bring optimum results by understanding others as an individual and try out for better ways rather than stereotyping. Works Cited Ibsen, Henrik. The Project Gutenberg eBook, A Doll’s House, by Henrik Ibsen, Edited by E. Haldeman-Julius. 29 March 2005. The Project Gutenberg. 14 April 2007