Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Essay -- Violence Against Childr

pincer abuse is the physical or emotional mistreatment of a child by a parent, guardian, or other person. Information of child abuse, including sexual abuse, beating, and murder, have climbed in the United States and some authorities believe that the public figure of cases is under reported. Child neglect is sometimes integrated in legal definitions of child abuse to cover instances of starvation, abandonment, and insufficient care of a childs recourse. When reported, child maltreatment cases are intricate by poor foster care services and a legal system that has trouble obliging to the susceptible nature of children(Child Maltreatment, 2015). every(prenominal) year more than 3 million reports of child abuse are made in the United States involving more than 6 million children. Behavior of the maltreater has had only partial success and child safety agencies are weighed down (Lewitt, 2013). Recently, efforts have begun to focus on the primary taproom of child abuse. The leading prevention of child abuse must be executed on many levels before it can be triumphant. Prevention plans on the social level incorporate of growing the economic self-adequacy of families, disappointing corporal penalty and other forms of violence, making health care more available and inexpensive, intensifying and humanizing coordination of social services, improving the motley and conduct of psychological problems. Prevention plans on the family level include helping parents meet their basic needs, identifying problems of substance abuse and spouse abuse, and educating parents about child behavior, discipline, safety and development. Primary prevention is both the prevention of disease before it occurs, and the reduction of its incidence. In the case of child abuse, pri... ...buse_neglect.htmChild Maltreatment Prevention Strategies Centers for Disease go and Prevention. Web. 15 May 2015. http//www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/childmaltreatment/prevention.htmlThe Relationship b etween Domestic Violence and Child twist around Prevent Child Abuse America 2012 Web. 23 May 2015. http//www.vawnet.org/Assoc_Files_VAWnet/PCAA_DVandChild.pdfLewitt, E. M.. account Child Abuse and Neglect. Future Child April 2013 233-242.McKay, Michael. The Link Between Domestic Violence and Child Abuse. New York Macmillan, 2010.U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect. A nations shame Fatal child abuse and neglect in the United States. Washington, DC U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect. (1995).Rushton, Frank. The Role of Health Care in Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention. Pediatrics, March 2014 133-136.

Subliminal Messages :: essays research papers

Subliminal Messages in Advertising The Case Forand Against Lisa Caswell Syracuse UniversityRunning brainiac Subliminal Messages Subliminalmessaging and subliminal perception becontroversial topics in the field of psychology.Many studies have been conducted to determine ifsubliminal messaging does in fact work. Manypeople think that subliminal messages in the field ofadvertising are much more successful thansubliminal messages for self-improvement, such astapes sold to help the consumer lose weight, gainintelligence, or do something else to improvethemselves simply by listening to a tape. Subliminaladvertising can be defined as "embedding materialin print, audio, or video messages so faintly thatthey are not consciously perceived." Rogers andSmith (1993) surveyed 400 households. Whenasked if they believed advertisers deliberatelyinclude subliminal messages, 61.5% respondedyes. A 72.2% yes answer was obtained whenasked if subliminal advertisements were effective.Based on the se results, it can be concluded thatconsumers are aware of subliminal advertising, andbelieve it is effectively employ by advertisers toinfluence their decisions. The term "sub-thresholdeffects," first popularized by Packard in 1957,preceded the popular popular opinion of "subliminaladvertising," whose originator is James Vicary.Subliminal advertising first came to the publics assistance in 1957 when Jim Vicary conducted asubliminal advertising strategy of interspersing"drink Coca-Cola" and "eat popcorn" messageson a movie screen so quickly that they could notbe seen consciously by the audience. His researchinitially reported increases in the sales of bothCoca-Cola and popcorn as a result of thesubliminal messages. Later, however, when hewas challenged and could not replicate or flushproduce the results, Vicary admitted that theresults of the initial study had been fabricated(Weir, 1984). Key (1989) has more recentlyclaimed that hidden or embedded messages arewidespread and effective. Keys theories havebeen widely discredited by scholars who haveexamined marketing applications scientifically(Moore, 1982). Although a few scholarly studieshave reported certain moderate effects of exposureto subliminal stimuli in laboratory settings(Greenwald, Klinger, and Liu, 1989), mostacademic researchers on the subject havereported findings which indicate no practical orpredictable effect in an advertising setting (Dixon,1971). The 1957 Vicary study has been largelydisregarded in the scholarly community due to lackof scientific reinforcement of methodology andfailure to replicate. However, scholarly findingsand industry assertions may have had little or noeffect on the average American, who has beenexposed to popular articles and books promotingthe notion that subliminal advertising is used and iseffective. In addition, Americans have beenexposed to advertisements claiming that self-helpaudio-tapes and videotapes containing subliminalmate rials can help the purchaser with weight loss,better relationships, an improved golf game,quitting smoking, and even birth control.Awareness of Subliminal Messaging by the Public

Evil Women Essay -- essays papers

Evil Women Women atomic number 18 not always the affectionate, compassionate, and nurturing people that humanly instincts make them out to be. On the contrary, they are sometimes more ruthless and savage than their male counterparts. A pricy example of this idea is in William Shakespeares Macbeth. Through the use of various maidenly roles throughout the play, Shakespeare manages to portray how dramatically important the witches are, along with how imminent greed and power can eventually grasp hold of Lady Macbeths morals, and hale her into a state of emotional stupor. Shakespeare begins the play with the witches for several reasons. First, the fact that they are witches portrays many evil themes since witches are a universal symbol for an advocate of the devil. They themselves foretell malign events to come. For example, to add to the witches representation of evil, the clichd background is that of thunder and lightening, which also represents wickedness and confusion. Shakespeare also uses the witches to give some background to the play they decide to execute with Macbeth when the battles lost and won. Here, Shakespeare makes clear the fact that there is a battle taking place and Macbeth is involved. They choose to meet with Macbeth upon the heath, wherein a heath is described as being uncultivated, open land. The uncultivated aspect of the heath can be used to foretell the uncivilized intentions the witches have for Macbeth. The refinement line of the scene is immensely important, for when the witches say that fair is foul, and foul is fair, the reader Komery later understands that this is the main theme of the play. This implies that appearances can be deceiving. What appears to be good can be bad, and this ... ...me will to have the throne, even at the cost of her own offspring. Similar to the witches, after Lady Macbeth states her desires to become male, Macbeth enters her room, and a discussion most the murder of King Duncan ensue s. The dramatic effect that the witches and Lady Macbeth bring to the play is great. Without them, there would be no play, since Macbeth would have never even considered killing his true friend, King Duncan. Yet, because of them, he becomes torn between his lover and his comrade. Lady Macbeths greed for power overwhelms her to the point where she would sacrifice anybody that stands in her path. The witches toyed with Macbeths head on the nose enough so that he thought he could commit the murder within reason. In the end, these two rationalities led to the death of King Duncan, physically by Macbeth, but mentally, by the women in his life.

The pathogenic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii :: Essays Papers

The pathogenic protozoan Toxoplasma gondiiLife HistoryT. gondii is a parasite of warm blooded animals which is present passim the world. It is the causative agent of the diseases known as Toxoplasmosis.The organism exhibits a definitive protozoan lifestyle.The life cycle begins with an oocyst in the intestines of cats, the definitive host of T. gondii. The oocyst contains bradyzoites or sporozoites. Oocysts go far prospective hosts through ingestion of cat fecal matter. Once inside a host, bradyzoites, after being released from the oocyst, infect the intestinal mucosa. Within the host cell, tachyzoites promptly divide, eventually rupturing the cell. The released tachyzoites spread throughout the host, repeating the lysis process or forming zoitocysts (which be, like oocysts, filled with bradyzoites) in host tissue. Three weeks after infection, there are no longer tachyzoites present in the tissues. The cysts reenter the cycle when ingested by another host, unless the host is a ca t. In this case, oocysts leave be formed in the cats intestine and will be shed.Life Cycle IllustrationMicrobiological characteristicsT. gondii is a protozoan (eukaryote) which exists in several distinct stages. GRAPHToxoplasmosis Most people who are infected with Toxoplasma gondii are asymptomatic. In some cases, the parasite may cause inflammation of the lymphatic system, resulting in flulike symptoms including fever and muscle aches. These symptoms can last for a month. In few cases, the infection results in more severe disease. T. gondii can infect the eyes and brain, often resulting in blindness and severe neurological disease. Neurological damage (encephalitis) occurs in children who contract the infection congenitally and in immunocompromised individuals. In immunocompromised individuals, encephalitis caused by toxoplasmosis progresses gradually. Patients may begin to experience headaches and dizziness, then memory loss, degradation of repel skills, and sometimes coma and death. Congenital infections may result in spontaneous abortion or birth defects including ocular damage and severe mental retardation. epidemiological Data Toxoplasma gondii is common throughout the world. A CDC study from 2003 showed that in the United States in 1999-2000, 16% of the population aged 12 to 49 years carried immunoglobulin G antibodies against the parasite. The prevalence is higher in foreign-born U.S. residents.One in one thousand infants born in the U.S. expresses antibodies against T.

Babe Ruth :: essays research papers

&8220Your simply incorrigible replied child&8217s wife. For years, the great baseball player &8220Babe Ruth has been called this, Yet despite these remarks Babe also possessed a humble heart towards children. Then on the other dig Babe possessed the attri notwithstandinge of being rude and incorrigible. In this essay I will discuss these so distant characteristics that &8220The Great Bambino owned.Many loved &8220The Great Bambino. For several reasons why. Unfortunately still the children maxim this good side of him. It was when Babe Ruth stopped by the orphanage to equip the children with brand new shoes that really shocked the children. For not only did the children see a great baseball player but also a fastidious man. But Babe was also abandoned in his life. And that&8217s what led many to believe why he was such an altruistic man. Many loved the man and a lot hated him but no(prenominal) of that mattered as long as the children idolized him it was worth it. It was also w hen Babe Ruth was coming dwelling from a football game. That a man better out of the audience and yelled &8220 my boy, my boy&8230 he&8217s dying, just indicate this it would mean the world to him but not only did he sign the ball but he also visited him in the hospital After a eccentric conversation with Johnny Sylvester. Babe promised to hit a home run for the kid but Johnny Sylvester declined he didn&8217t only want one home run he wanted two. So Babe laughed and promised, in the next game Babe did do that for him. And more, afterwards the much-anticipated home run Babe ran to the microphone and told him to get better, and he did. On the other hand Babe owned the characteristic of being brutal and incorrigible. Many believe that Babes&8217 lack in common manners were because of his orphanage. &8220Incorrigible and that&8217s what he was labeled. And he was that, but it was shenanigans such as hanging his coach, Miller Huggings off the curiosity of the channelise that brough t publicity. After a stormy conversation with his wife, Miller burst in his train cabin complaining about cleaning up and paying for all the stuff that he broke and Babe just got tired of it and hung off the end of the train until he said he was sorry. Yet after these shenanigan&8217s Babe seemed to do the same exact thing time after time.

Babe Ruth :: essays research papers

&8220Your simply incorrigible replied baby&8217s wife. For years, the great baseball player &8220Babe Ruth has been called this, Yet despite these remarks Babe also possessed a humble heart towards children. Then on the other hand Babe possessed the delegate of being brutal and incorrigible. In this essay I will discuss these so distant characteristics that &8220The Great Bambino owned.Many loved &8220The Great Bambino. For several reasons why. unluckily all the children saw this good side of him. It was when Babe Ruth stopped by the orphanage to equip the children with brand new shoes that really shock the children. For not only did the children see a great baseball player but also a fastidious man. But Babe was also cast away in his life. And that&8217s what led many to believe why he was such an altruistic man. Many loved the man and a lot detested him but none of that mattered as long as the children idolized him it was worth it. It was also when Babe Ruth was coming home f rom a football game. That a man conflagrate out of the audience and yelled &8220 my boy, my boy&8230 he&8217s dying, just sign this it would mean the world to him but not only did he sign the ball but he also visited him in the hospital After a eccentric conversation with Johnny Sylvester. Babe promised to pull in a home run for the kid but Johnny Sylvester declined he didn&8217t only want one home run he valued two. So Babe laughed and promised, in the next game Babe did do that for him. And more, after the much-anticipated home run Babe ran to the microphone and told him to get better, and he did. On the other hand Babe owned the characteristic of being brutal and incorrigible. Many believe that Babes&8217 lack in common manners were because of his orphanage. &8220Incorrigible and that&8217s what he was labeled. And he was that, but it was shenanigans such as hanging his coach, Miller Huggings off the end of the train that brought publicity. After a stormy conversation with his wife, Miller burst in his train cabin complaining about cleaning up and paying for all the stuff that he broke and Babe just got threadbare of it and hung off the end of the train until he said he was sorry. Yet after these shenanigan&8217s Babe seemed to do the same exact social function time after time.

Crime Rate Soars in Abra Essay

I.INTRODUCTIONAs if living up to its moniker murder capital of the north, shooting consequents in Abra in the jump quarter of 2011 have almost tripled compared to those recorded in the same period in 2010, an election year. Based on records from the Abra Provincial Police Office (Abra-PPO), on that point were 14 shooting incidents from January to March in 2010 as against 36 cases recorded from January to March 27 this year. Statistically, this means that at least one shooting incident takes place every three days in this northern province.a.) Backround Of The StudyAbra is a landlocked province in northern Luzon, which is consistently inclination of an orbited among hotspots during elections because of intense governmental rivalry and the presence of private armies. The current number of shooting incidents the year 2012 is more than a third of the 102 recorded shooting incidents.b.)ObjectivesTo help people see, oddly the youngsters, the negative effects of doing nuisances.To he lp people realize that crimes does not only destroys one entity but the whole country.To let them see our place will not be progressive if some people will continue to do crimes specially killings.c.)Review Of Related LiteratureREPUBLIC ACT NO. 7659Sec. 5.The penalty of finis for parricide under oblige 246 of the same Code is hereby restored, so that it shall read as follows Art. 246.Parricide. every person who shall kill his father, mother, or child, whether legitimate of illegitimate, or all of his ascendants, or descendants, or his spouse, shall be guilty of parricide and shall be punished by the penalty of reclusion perpetua to death. Sec. 6.Article 248 of the same Code is hereby amended to read as follows Art. 248.Murder. Any person who, not fallingwithin the provisions of Article 246 shall kill another, shall be guilty of murder and shall be punished by reclusion perpetua, to death if move with any of the following attendant circumstances Sec. 7.Article 255 of the same C ode is hereby amended to read as follows Art. 255.Infanticide. The penalty provided for parricide in Article 246 and for murder in Article 248 shall be imposed upon any person who shall kill any child less than three days of age.If any crime penalized in this Article be committed by the mother of the child for the purpose of concealing her dishonor, she shall suffer the penalty of prision mayor in its medium and maximum periods, and if said crime be committed for the same purpose by the maternal grandparents or either of them, the penalty shall be reclusion temporal. Sec. 12.Section 2 of Republic profess No. 7080 (An Act Defining and Penalizing the Crime of Plunder) is hereby amended to read as follows Sec. 2.Definition of the Crime of Plunder Penalties. Any public officer who, by himself or in collusion with members of his family, relatives by affinity or consanguinity, business associates, subordinates or other persons, amasses, accumulates or acquires ill-gotten wealth through a combination or series of barefaced criminal acts as described in Section 1 (d) hereof in the aggregate amount or total value of at least Fifty million pesos (P50,000,000.00) shall be guilty of the crime of plunder and shall be punished by reclusion perpetua to death.Any person who participated with the said public officer in the commission of an offense contributing to the crime of plunder shall likewise be punished for such offense. In the imposition of penalties, the degree of participation and the attendance of mitigating and justify circumstances, as provided by the Revised Penal Code, shall be considered by the court. The court shall declare any and all ill-gotten wealth and their interests and other incomes and assets including the properties and shares of stocks derived from the deposit or investment thereof forfeited in favor of the State.d.)FrameworkI must admit that Bangued or Abra in general is not on the top list of the umteen tourist attractions in the Ilocos or C ordillera Regions. The number-one most probable culprit may be the occurrence that some local tourists still have the sign about NPA and the prevalent crimes in the province. And if thereare local tourists around, expect that they are just visiting for some business matters in the town capital. That leads me to my sanction most probable culprit purpose of travelling. Why should I go and visit Abra? What would I do in Bangued? are just two of the many questions of some tourists, both local and international.e.)Statement of the problemCRIME IS An act committed or omitted in violation of a law forbidding or ascendent it and for which punishment is imposed upon conviction. Anywhere in the world is consider unsafe and dangerous. What makes a country, town or barangays even more dangerous and unsafe is when the politico themselves are busy killing for each one other instead of busy promoting peace and order in their respective area of assignment. Very sad to place this is the case w ith Bangued, Abra right now. At least here in Illinois our politicians are not at that situation yet and I hope, it will always be the case.f.)HypothesisI was born from Bangued, Abra and I am very disappointed to know and watch that my birthplace is becoming more of a killing fields. Abrenians are slimy because of these bad developments that our town is going through. Bad publicity doesnt help at all when we are trying to promote our town as a good destination for tourist. Its just very unsafe and dangerous place to be at right now. Politicians are busy killing each other instead of uniting for a better and prosperous Bangued, Abra. What a sad and proudless story to tell to our next generations.g.)AnalysisShooting incidents have resulted in dissimilar crimes such as murder, homicide, frustrated murder, attempted murder and physical injury. It is not known if all shooting incidents have been documented by the Abra PNP. Early break down year, several patients who sustained bullet w ounds and checked in hospitals for treatment were not listed in police records. According to a short analysis in the Abra PNP report, the disgrace number of shooting incidents in 2010 was attributed to the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) gun ban implemented prior to the conduct of the National and Local Election. Thisfact denotes that Total Gun Ban in the province is beneficial to the reduction of crimes committed with the use of firearms, Poverty and lack of job opportunities are the reasons why be a hired killer has become a profession.

Lebanese Americans

The present paper is designed to show the adaptation of immigrants in the united States. We will include Alison litre, who is the representative of the Lebanese nation, was innate(p) in Lebanon and moved to the United States clownish for permanent residence two years ago. The principal issue to clarify in this es word will be whether it was difficult for Mrs. Lambert to assimilate with US culture and wad, what differences she has found between two cultures and how different pagan norms influence her animate in the new for her atomic come in 18na on the cursory pedestal.Immigrants in AmericaA lot of people from different countries come to the United States in search for their good future. There exists a myth that living in the United States is like a paradise, precisely it is not always so. The presidents of the United States to cuther with new(prenominal) senators promote legislation to confer some mental of guest worker. Many people think that both those bills should n ot be accepted, because they are immoral. When they invite people from other countries to the United States they show them that they fit merely for obsequious jobs that the Americans do not want to do. They think that they are too good for it. When foreigners start working in the United States at first they get miserable payment for the work they do.There is no expectation that you will rise up the economic and social ladder. There are a lot of bills all over the boorish which regulate rights of the guest worker. There are points when the foreigner can be expelled from the work and deported back to his artless where he will stay put his life in poverty. The bottom line in all of them is almost the same. It says that the Americans are not equal in their rights with other people who came from other countries to stimulate m matchlessy. The plot is hidden save still it exists.America is a country that invites immigrants who arrived there legally and who comply with their laws and Constitution, who understand and can freely speak their language. Such people begin their career with low-paid jobs. But such people sire a chance to rise into a middle class and realize their dream. Such countries as Germany and France showed their folly of a guest worker economy. Immigrants do low-paid jobs. But now there are a lot of people in these countries who dont absorb. People do not agree with the social welfare system. Lets find out more(prenominal) about the adaptation of the people from Arabic countries in the United States by telling a story about adept of the immigrants from Lebanon, Mrs. Lambert.Mrs. Lambert considers family and close people to be the most important in her life.The principal difference in the family values between Lebanese and American culture is that when one is young, one never looks into the future considering oneself outside family. Family appears to be the cell nucleus of everything they plan to accomplish in life. American society is more i ndependent in relation to family as a notion. Lebanese people share everything they have with their families, and they grow surrounded by their family members. Their cousins, sisters, brothers, with whom they grow, often appear to be their best friends.Each of them knows that he or she is the most important person in his or her life, and she was utilise to grow in such surrounding. What she has noticed in the United States of America and what is absolutely absent in the Lebanese families, and in Lebanon in particular, is the disease which she would expect family disease. This is the disease which is very popular among American children. In her society family is something which will never let her and her countrymen down. She was very much assisted by her family members when she has first entered the United States. Now she is not totally in constant touch with all her relatives, but all members of her family help each other on the daily basis to the maximal extent.Mrs. Lambert is a teacher she feels at present that her ethnical difference does not prevent her from effective working with the students and effectively performing in her daily life. Her first and probably, the biggest difficulty was the language. She had basic knowledge of the language, but it was not enough to teach students and in order to acquire good position she had to go finished it very fast. On the other hand, the accent is still very visible when she speaks and some students ask her about her origin. She was lucky not to see any discrepancy in relation to her Lebanese identity on the side of her students. However, there are many Lebanese immigrants who also came to the United States to work and suffered from discrimination there.Most of inhering citizens are surprised on the fact of Lebanese very close family ties. When Mrs. Lambert tells the stories of her life, some of them cannot distinctly understand the idea of family being the core of their lives, as well as that one can be so much connected with the family through all his or her life. Her assumption of the family norms influences her behavior on the daily basis, and it is doubtless it becomes even more vivid in the light of the norms according to which one lives.When people immigrate they face different difficulties and challenges. The principal challenge for Mrs. Lambert is the difference itself, the difference in cultural norms. She doesnt think there are disadvantages in her culture. She thinks that every culture has its own advantages and disadvantages. Still, when one comes to another country he or she is a foreigner. The language is the biggest challenge between any two different cultural identities. Mrs. Lambert was faced this challenge and almost coped with it. Yet, she clearly understands that many other cultural challenges are ahead of her.Mrs. Lambert thinks that it is important to assimilate with the culture of the country one now is living in.She supposes that this assimilation is essentia l however, the extent to which this assimilation should take place with every newcomer should be reasonable. Mrs. Lamberts family was afraid of her losing her identity on entering another country for the permanent residence and it was probably one of her most important cultural challenges to adjust to the new cultural surrounding without losing too much of her own cultural traditions. Assimilation with the cultural traditions of the other country often becomes the means of getting stable position and solid basis for human relations.When immigrants come to another country it is significant and highly important to have a source of strength and support there. It is necessary to have something which unite foreigners and help them feel a infinitesimal bit be home.It may sound surprising, but yet family remains the principal source of support for her in the U.S. This is the peculiarity of her culture not only is the family the stem of Lebanese identity, but it is also not influenced by the distance. She also gets a lot of support from the local Lebanese community. They have regular meetings during which they debate urgent problems and issues, and try to find solutions beneficial for everyone. It is very often, that the members of the community ask for assistance in solving cultural problems, not only related to the language, but to the misunderstanding of the people they are surrounded by of their cultural preferences.Cultural identity at times becomes the matter of difficulty in getting assimilated to the new surrounding. Lebanese culture is not very well supported and popularized there, and it is often that Lebanese newcomers appear in cultural vacuum. Thus, this community and regular meetings become the means of backup those who need this support. Very often people face personal misunderstanding with the native population, and they try to find the way out of the conflict.In the light of all in a higher place said, and taking into account the theories of cul tural identity, it is possible to note the following. Cultural identity conflicts are usually called intractable, and thus, they are not possible to be resolved through the traditional approaches. The frames of the individual identity are extremely influenced by the cultural identity and cultural surrounding. The differences in culture often become the ground for the cultural conflict, as the difference in cultural ideas and preferences may be taken by the other side as not simply an outrageous idea, but ridiculous and unreal understanding of the world.For the go cultural communication it may be suggested, that the attitudes towards other cultures should be more tolerate. The cultural ideas and beliefs expressed by the representatives of the other culture should not be taken as unreal or unacceptable. Differences in culture between people will always exist, and thus for the more effective communication it is important to understand and accept the significance of the traditions, whi ch are valued by the other culture, as well as try to better explain the traditions into which the newcomer would wish to assimilate. However, and what is more important, it is not allowed to break the cultural identity of the person the difference in cultural views does not mean they are wrong.ConclusionThe issue of cultural identity was always urgent, and with the growing opportunities for migration, this issue will not soon lose the necessity of being discussed. However, it is important to understand one thing in relation to cultural conflicts the differences between cultures should not and wont be erased they should be treated with tolerance. In conclusion It is important to say that it is up to everyone to decide whether to lead a life of immigrant or not. There are a lot of possibilities to have a nice life in ones own country where one will be respected. Nobody will look at him or her as if he or she is an alien. Ones country is ones home one must be proud of it. Everyone mus t do everything possible to make ones own country be respected. Escaping from problems at home and going abroad in search for good life and a great number of possibilities to realize oneself is not a way out.Works citedCarrithers, M. Why humans have cultures. Oxford Oxford University Press. 1992 LeBaron, Michelle. Bridging cultural Conflicts New Approaches for a Changing World. San Francisco Jossey-Bass Publishers. 2003 Mathews, G. Global culture/ Individual identity Searching for home in the cultural supermarket. London Routledge. 2000 Stone, Douglas F., Patton, Bruce, and Heen, Sheila. Difficult Conversations How to Discuss What Matters Most New York Penguin Press. 2000

Out of Africa or Multiregional Theory Essay

For many age, scientists have wondered about the evolution of man resistant. The two theories that scientists have set out up with over the eld to explain the supposition of evolution were the multiregional theory and out of Africa theory. The multiregional theory expresses the idea that military personnel erectus developed in different split of the world. The out of Africa theory expresses that Homo erectus developed in Africa nearly two million-years-ago and as the temperatures changed, they moved throughout the world and developed differently.The multiregional take in posits that genes from in all pitying populations of the Old World flowed between different regions and by mixing together, contributed to what we see today as fully novel humans. The re runment hypothesis suggests that the genes in fully modern humans all came out of Africa. As these peoples migrated they replaced all other human populations with little or no interbreeding (Johanson, 2001). The multi-regi onal hypothesis argues that our early hominian ancestors, including Homo ergaster and Homo heidelbergensis, migrated out of Africa and thus the evolution of modern humans took place in different parts of the world a process termed regional continuity.This theory places great emphasis on the notion of steady evolutionary alterations or changes that happen in different regions and produce diverse variations of the species. Evolution of this kind is kept at a regular rate due to an amalgamation of cultural progress and gene flow or interbreeding, thus keeping all lineages evolving at the same time.This process is characterized as parallel evolution, which suggests a subtle morphological resemblance between populations of species who are geographically separated (Edwards, 2012). The out of Africa view posits that Homo erectus migrated out of Africa the different populations became reproductively isolated, evolving independently, and in some cases like the Neanderthals, into separate species Homo sapiens arose in one place, probably Africa Homo sapiens finally migrated out of Africa and replaced all other human populations, without interbreeding modern human variation is a relatively recent phenomenon (Johanson, 2001).The Out of Africa theory predicts that the earliest fossils of Homo sapiens impart only be found in Africa along with any transitional fossils, marking the evolutionary process of these modern humans. such fossils will not be found outside this area. Secondly, this model suggests that modern-day human populations may not necessarily share lineages or links with the earlier populations that populate the same region.This idea stems from the notion that the recent populations of modern humans that inhabit an area will replace any archaic Homo species that occupy this region, thus establishing a new lineage of descent. Evidence in support of these ideas exists through multiple sources, showing the clear superiority of this theory in contrast with t he multi-regionalist model. Such evidence can be found in the striking research of molecular geneticists research which supports the idea of modern humans arising in one place and subsequently spreading elsewhere (Edwards, 2012).Both theories were further examined through anatomical, archaeological, and genetic evidence to prove which theory seems more valid. The anatomical and paleogeographic evidence suggests that Neanderthals and early modern humans had been isolated from one another and were evolving separately into two distinct species (Johanson, 2001). The genetic studies support the view that Neanderthals did not interbreed with Homo sapiens who migrated into Europe.It is, therefore, exceedingly likely that modern humans do not carry Neanderthal genes in their DNA. (Johanson, 2001). Archaeological evidence from Europe suggests that Neanderthals may have survived in the Iberian Peninsula until perhaps as recently as 30,000 to 35,000 years ago. Fully modern humans first appea r in Europe at around 35,000-40,000 years ago, bringing with them an Upper Paleolithic tool tradition referred to as the Aurignacian. Hence, Neanderthals and fully modern humans may have overlapped for as much as 10,000 years in Europe.Again, with fully modern humans on the scene, it is not necessary to have Neanderthals evolve into modern humans, further bolstering the view that humans replaced Neanderthals. (Johanson, 2001). The out of Africa theory is the theory most scientists are approving as the evolution of all humans due to fossil, anatomical and genetic evidence. Researchers have discovered fossilized mud of two previously unknown primate species that lived 37 million years ago in what is now the Egyptian desert.The ancient teeth and jawbones of the tiny, monkeylike creatures shed new light on the poorly understood evolution of early anthropoids, a suborder of primates that includes apes, monkeys, and humans. The discovery, researchers say, is evidence that the common anc estor of living anthropoids arose in Africa and that anthropoids have been evolving on the now separated Africa-Arabia landmass for at least 45 million years (Lovgren, 2005). All evidence points to the out of Africa theory being the most seeming theory.

Unit 204 Nvq Business and Admin

Unit 204 Communicate in a business environment-Nvq level 2 in Business and Administration Why do you choose to know the purpose of any communication you argon sending and its Intended audience (1. 1, 1. 2) In what way does this affect the phraseology you might use when producing write communication or information? (2. 3) The purpose of communication is for human us to be suitable to understand each former(a) for different reasons. So if we develop our communicative skills we domiciliate use this skill as a tool to help me get a line or apologise something to mortal or both.We also communicate to help one another, listen to each others problems, and solve difficulties we formulation in life, find solutions to obstacles that may come into our lives. If we know the audience, we can more(prenominal) effectively communicate with and persuade that audience. My motivation is to get satisfaction from evokeing my ideas and getting recognition from the audience. Colloquial, casu al, and formal writing ar three common styles that carry their protest particular sets of expectations. Style also depends on the purpose of the archive and its audience. Colloquial language is an informal, conversational style of writing.Casual language involves everyday words and expressions in a familiar group context such as conversations with family or close friends. Formal language is communication that focuses on professional expression with attention to roles, protocol, and appearance. It is characterized by its vocabulary and syntax or the grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence. Describe different methods of communication and when you would use them? (1. 3,1. 4) Different methods of communication that I would use in a business environment atomic number 18 Written communication by exchange of letters, e-mails or faxes.I would use every day to communicate with customer, colleagues at work and with my supervisors Verbal communication when I use the phone or I tal k with someone buttock to face. I would use this when talking with customers by phone and when I talk with my work colleagues and managers face to face or by phone. Communication can be informal, like face to face communication that occurs in general in a daily situation, or formal and It acquires proper order, and procedures, and can be recorded to store the outcomes. What argon some of the key information sources you may need to refer to when preparing written communication and information? 2,1) The Key information sources I may need to refer to when preparing written communication and information and that can guard me against inaccuracies can be guidelines, policies, procedures, records, meeting notes, specifications, handbooks, directories, service plans, institution charts and the organisation intranet and I could speak with colleagues or managers. If I am responding to a customer or to a manager I would read them through carefully to flake I nominate addressed all the rel evant points. When using email what are some of the key principles you should follow? (2. ) The key principles I should follow when using email are Start the email with a proper greeting as Mr, Mrs. If is congenial within the organisation we could Hi or Hello. We must explain the purpose of the message in a concise manner in the subject line. Get to the point of the message as soon as possible. outweart write in capital letters. Be careful of sending out email to a large number of mountain because some people dont want their email address to be known by estrangers. Dont open an attachment or click in a link in an email from someone I don know as it could end up infecting the computer with a virus. It is not acceptable to use emoticons and abbreviations (like the ones used in mobile text messages). I could look very unprofessional. Never use email to discuss confidential information and follow the Data Protection legislation. Dont use work email account to send personal em ails. What should you do to train that your written communication theory are organised, grammatical constructiond and well presented to meet the needs of the think audience? (2. 4) To ensure that my written communications are organised, structured and well presented to meet the need of the intended audience we should start by identifying who will read the message.We need to think about what they need to know and the vocabulary we need to use. We must think about the tone of the message as well. We should create an outline that will help to identify which steps to take in which order and use simple language. The structure of the document should be reader friendly. What are the main ways you can check the accuracy of any written communication you produce? (2. 5) whatever written content or communication has to be assuage of spelling and grammatical errors. It also has to be in the right and professional format. We need to check the points written down Whatever we write has to b e accurate, otherwise it will take aim disastrous effects and can even ruin the reputation of the organisation, and the organisation can itself get into trouble. We need to do a spell check and grammar check. Spell-check is an option available to easily correct typo errors. Sometimes it will not be 100% accurate, because if you had typed a word instead of another, then spell check will not be able to trace it. So it is always best to even read through the document twice before finalising. We could use a template.Every organisation has a different style for documents they produce. As an organisation, documents have to be produce in a standard and professional format. We could have our document read by another reader. Sometimes when we read or own work error can be hard to detect What is meant by plain English and why is it used? (2. 7) Plain English sometimes referred to more broadly as plain language is a generic term for communication styles that emphasise clarity and the avoi dance of technical language particularly in relation to official government communication, including laws.The intention is to write in a manner that is easily understood by everyone and is appropriate to their reading skills and knowledge, clear and direct, free of cliche and un indispensable jargon. Plain English is simple, straightforward, easily understood English, in other words the opposite of the English used by lawyers which uses long words, overage words, technical words and Latin words. Why is it important to ensure that spelling, grammar and punctuation mark are accurate? (2. 6) The main purpose in the correct use of grammar, punctuation and spelling is ensuring the receiver of the information reads it accurately.Addition to this when given a task to do, your employer expects you to do it perfectly. When a document has inaccuracies, readers tend to distrust everything, including the statistics, opinions, and facts. This would be relayed back to my employer who would them selves lose arrogance in our ability. For progression in my company I need to ensure I carry out all tasks to a certain standard. Why is it necessary to proof read and check written work? (2. 8) Any work that is written has to be proofread and checked because the content that we write is important.The way a newspaper publisher or any information looks affects the way others judge it. We all put in so much effort to develop a document and put in all the ideas and skills we have to create a document. So it has to be error free, else it will create a bad impression to the reader, which affects the gain of the organisation. So it is always best to create the correct document and make a good impression. As they say, The first impression is the best impression. I should proofread virtually any written piece, from emails to minutes.Just proofreading will have a great effect on the quality of my material, and I am sure that way, I will earn more compliments from people. How do you distin guish between work which is important and that which is urgent? (2. 9) Important communications those that can provide probative value to the organisation This could be reports to managers, partners, emails and letters to staff about developments or changes within the organisation. Urgent communications are those which have deadlines. Urgent task are not necessarily complicated but are usually linked to the organisation targets for response times.What are the procedures you need to follow for saving and filing written communications in your organisation? (2. 10) The procedures I need to follow for saving filling written communications in my organisation are when I rouse records, I organise files or records with similar information together. Important documents that need accessing by other departments or member of staff are saved in the shared drive. Any confidential information are kept in personal folders or encrypted with a password. Records may be kept as paper files, or electr onically in shared drives, databases, or document management systems.When speaking with people face to face and over the telephone, what can you do to ensure you are presenting information and ideas clearly and are contributing effectively to discussions? (3. 1, 3. 2) To ensure I am presenting information and ideas clearly when speaking with people face to face or over the phone I should think about what I am going to say before start talking so when I present information and ideas they will be much more concise. Knowing the subject matter by reading about it, doing some research or asking colleagues or managers will help as well.It is a good idea to write it down so we can organise our thoughts and then express them clearly. We can ask questions to get some feed back and make the other person participate in the conversation. How do you show people you are actively listening to them? (3. 3) To show people that I am actively listening face to face or over the phone I need to use appr opriate phrases like I see, I understand, mmmm and ask questions to check my understanding. In face to face communication I can see as well facial expressions of the person I am talking to and they can see mine.Not being sincere or not showing interest in the other person when talking to them can be notice from our facial expressions and our gestures We should make eye contact with the person we are talking to and show that we are actively listening by nodding our head or saying yes or I see. When talking to people face to face or over the telephone, what are the key reasons you would summarise your conversations with them? (3. 4) When talking to people face to face or over the phone they reasons I should summarise my conversation with them is to consult back what I have heard and because is not helpful to make assumptions.It always better to check if we are not sure of something and ask the other person to give us further information. Summarising can improve the quality and accura cy of our conversation. What are the main ways you can get feedback on whether communications with others have been effective and how can that feedback be used to develop your communication skills? (4. 1,4. 2) The main ways I can get feedback on whether communications with others have been effective are asking questions and making sure they understood fully. We should ask colleagues and mangers to give us feed back on how we are communicating with others.During face to face conversations you can watch the facial expressions, gestures, and posture of the person youre communicating with and from this determine their level of interest and agreement with your message. I should observe more flummox colleagues and ask them what I do well and areas where I can improve. I could collect examples of well constructed email and letters and use them as a reference. I will have to set the example for the team and create an environment of trust that makes it okay to share feedback. I should provi de my team with a rest period of positive feedback and feedback for improvement and receive them too.

Treating Your Sweet Tooth

Abigail Young Mrs. Spar English III Compare/Contrast Essay (2nd draft) February 22, 2013 Treating Your Sweet Tooth The debate around fruitcake cream versus arctic yogurt (froyo) is spreading like a wildfire. People looking at the differences what they do not know is how they are in like manner similar. Ice cream and frozen yogurt have both similarities and differences when it comes to their history, ingredients and nutrition. Before spyglass cream was known as ice cream, many ancient civilizations served mixtures of ice (or snow from the mountains) with juices, milks, spices and fruits.This became a major delicacy around the world, this delicacy soon became known as sorbet and was eaten by many people who could afford it. briefly after, sorbet became known as ice cream, which was introduced to America by the Quaker colonists who brought their ice cream recipes with them as they immigrated to the United States. After hearing about a delicacy that was similar to ice cream, frozen yogurt was first introduced to England and became more of a sensation. Frozen yogurt also being pleasurable and creamy just now contained less calories.The northeast, USA was introduced to frozen yogurt in the 1970s. In the 1980s is when frozen yogurt really took off, reaching sales of $25 million in 1986. In the early 1990s, frozen yogurt was 10% of the frozen dessert market. (Wikipedia Encyclopedia) The main ingredient in ice cream is, obviously, cream. Ice cream contains more than 10% milk fat and more then 20% milk solids. Nowadays, one can find low-fat ice creams with half the fat. In addition, ice cream contains sweeteners, emulsifiers, stabilizers, gelatin, mellowed fructose corn syrup, flavorings, water, and air.Air gives ice cream the volume. Unlike ice cream, frozen yogurts main ingredient is yogurt made from milk. So a good deal like ice cream, frozen yogurt also contains milk solids, milk fats, sweeteners, yogurt culture, emulsifiers, stabilizers, gelatin, high fruc tose corn syrup, flavorings, water, and air. Air, much like ice cream, gives frozen yogurt its volume. In addition, ice crean and frozen yogurt are very similar when it comes to nutrition. Neither of them are very nutritous but are both very satisfying to your sweet tooth.Although frozen yogurt is lighter in calories and fat, frozen yogurt is not a heathier alternative to ice cream. One needs to be smart with how much ice cream he is eating. Also, one should watch what he is putting on top of his yogurt, making either the ice cream or frozen yogurt less in fat, sugar and calories. Different in many ways, ice cream and frozen yogurt are both, needless to say, delicious. Although different in their history, ingredients and their nutritional value, one does not want to eat a lot of both them. Both are acceptable every once in a while to enjoy.

The Mirror of the Other and America: The Multinational Society

The issues explored in The Mirror of the Other and America The Multinational Society point out problems I lodge that are compounded by the mono- heathen attitudes that Reed and Fuentes tell us to try and avoid. Social problems that take part in mono-cultural attitudes include racism, poverty, and ageism. Carlos Fuentes talks about the interactions amidst Hispanic burnish and Ameri jackpots inside the United States. In America The Multinational Society, Ishmael Reed discusses the fact that many cultures influence the United States to a greater extent than people think.Ishmael Reed believes strongly in the western influence, and incorporates many ideas from it. By which they mean, presumably, a civilization created by the people of Europe, as if Europe can be viewed in monolithic terms (Reed p256). Racism in todays culture filled United States is at an all-time high. The Hispanic culture and the American culture coexist whether we like it or not. The two cultures coexist, rubbing sh oulders and questioning each other. We have too many common problems, which demand cooperation and understanding in a new world context, to clash as much as we do (Fuentes, p251-252).Fuentes would believe that mono-cultural attitudes are curable and seen as a disease. Fuentes would address this problem by coming together and living with our differences cooperatively and peacefully. Reed would also agree to beat together as one and not be racist. Such blurring of cultural styles occurs in everyday life in the United States to a greater extent than anyone can imagine and is probably more prevalent than the sensational contradict between people of different backgrounds that is played up and often encouraged by the media(Reed, p257).Poverty is the state or condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of support. We live in the worlds wealthiest nation. Yet 13 percent of people living in the United States live in poverty. In most areas, a family of four needs to earn twice t he poverty line to provide children with basic necessities. The mono-cultural attitude towards poverty needs to stop. All cultures need to come together as one and conquer what Hispanics and Americans live through.Fuentes has his throw view on family and the way we should act and also pursue closeness with our siblings. And of course on that point is the family family commitment, fighting to keep the family together, perhaps not avoiding poverty but certainly avoiding a lonely poverty(Fuentes p252). Ageism is a tendency to regard honest-to-goodness persons as debilitated, unworthy of attention, or unsuitable for employment. Fuentes states that elders are like a storybook and are never shunned from society.The care and respect for the elders is something called respeto, the respect for experience and continuity, less than frighten at change and novelty. This respect is not limited to old age in itself in a basically oral culture, the old are the ones who concoct stories, who ha ve the store of memory (Fuentes p252). In Fuentess mind the elderly are respected to the highest degree. In his culture the elderly are perceived as a royalty and are of the highest honor.One could almost say that when an old man or an old woman dies in the Hispanic world, a only library dies with the person (Fuentes p252). When going through The Mirror of the Other and America The Multinational Society there are many social problems that take on mono-cultural ideas. Fuentes and Reed challenge this by giving their own ideas. They address problems like racism, poverty, and ageism by giving their answers of combining cultures. Each author takes on these problems with their own ideas and resolutions to stop these social issues.

Angelo’s Pizza Essay

1) The hassle with Angelos pizza is that it has no strategic human race resource planning. Strategic HRM is ab knocked out(p) planning to meet the cheeks human resource requirements well in locomote of the actual required date. The gamy level goals for strategic HRM will be derived from the organizations overall strategic planning. For example, Angelos Pizza started out from a single shop enterprise and then expanded three stores. However, in that respect was no plan is place about the enhanced human resources which would be required to support the organizational growth plans. Because of this, the organizations human resources became the weak link when the new stores were set up. Similarly, if a franchisee is to be established, Angelo ask to strike a detailed strategic HRM plan in place.The first step in Strategic HRM is to pay back the number of employees and the types of competencies which will be required by the organization in the next five years. For this purpose, the stupefy and future expansion plans must be considered and the competencies which would be required by the various types of percentages in the organization must be developed. It is important to remember that the competencies not only include hard skills like qualification and work experience, but in addition soft skills like communication, manners etc. Consider the importance of a campaigners temperament, motivation, attitude and initiative (Johnson, Rose). Once the list is developed with various types of roles and the competencies required for from each one role, the next phase is to begin implementing steps enable the organization to have the required employees.To implement strategic HRM, the organization must have a recruitment scheme, learning strategy, and compensation planning and employee retention strategy in parentage with the requirements planned for the future. The comp either must have a stable recruitment indemnity which should be able to attract dischargedi dates with the kind of competencies required. The recruitment calendar should be of a long enclosure nature where candidates ar recruited based on the needs developed in the long term plans and not just a knee jerk reaction to resignation or new store opening. Since Angelos Pizza does not have any in house recruitment team, it would be a near(a) idea to outsource this to a hiring agency which would contract candidates and after a firstlevel masking piece as per requirement of Angelos Pizza, would only send the shortlisted candidates for interview directly with Angelo.Currently, Angelos Pizza has no training facility and all new joiners are expected to learn on the job. This strategy whitethorn work for hourly workers such as waiter who come with prior experience however, for managers and any recruits with no relevant experience, some training would be required. In line with Angelos aim of expanding and eventually victimization franchising model, training manager will be critica l for success. To enable this, Angelo should move out of the role of managing any store full time and concentrate of training all his store managers. Angelo should take charge of training and spend time in each of his stores, giving time to train the managers. The store managers in unloose will be responsible for training and guiding new(prenominal) staff members in their stores.For any organization, to control the best talent, it is important to have a fair and attractive C&B plan as well as other aspects in a comprehensive talent retention strategy. Angelos Pizza must have a rating based assessment where higher(prenominal) performers will be give better salary. The companys talent retention strategy must be focused on trying to keep employees happy at work and offer them career growth opportunities within the organization. For example, having rewards and lore for good performers will motivate employees to work hard and satisfy high performing employees. Similarly, employees showing high potential can be offered higher education support so that they can move to managerial roles within the organization. 2) After considering the problems faced by Angelos Pizza, the following learning objectives seem most suitablei) LM 3 (Discuss how recruiting strategies impact the competitive advantage of a firm) Angelos Pizza is suffering from high swage and lack of good employees due to its unplanned recruitment policies. Angelo has a very rudimentary recruitment strategy which does not reach out to the right candidate pool and is not able to select the best fitting candidates. To improve its competitiveness, Angelo must have a well developed recruitment strategy. advertizing in two local papers is not enabling Angelo to reach out to the intended audience. He can take the help of hiring agencies to find the right candidates as per the job pen and put them by a multi level selection process. Employee referrals are also an important tool for recruitment. Also, he must outsource the background verification process to a competent organization.ii) LM 4 (Comment on the relationship amidst personality and work public presentation) It is seen from the case, that the job requirements have soft skill requirements which come from a persons personality. In the restaurant business it is important how employees interact and treat the customers. Therefore, Angelo needs to consider these requirements which designing the hiring profile and recruitment strategy. Also, stress has to be placed on other personal qualities such as candor and loyalty. Since Angelos is worried about theft, the selection process must also take into consideration the candidates personality traits. This means that the selection process will have to be muti-tiered consisting of background verifys, personal interview and mock situations where the candidate is given realistic situations.iii) LM 7 (Develop and respect a performance appraisal tool for a given situation) Angelos Pizza ha s a very high turnover and it is noticed that it is the good employees who are leaving the organization. To reverse this trend, a holistic performance appraisal dodge should be put in place which recognizes high performers and oppositeiates them from the others. The high performers should not get frustrated at the job and a performance appraisal system is the first step in identifying these high performers so that strategies can be developed to retain them. The performance appraisal system should be fair and evaluate the employee against the targets set by the manager. There should also be a mechanism where the feedback from customers is collected and used as an input for performance appraisal.iv) LM 8 (Discuss various types of benefits a company could provide employees) Once the appraisal system is in place, compensation and benefits should be variable based on employee performance. As a downcast in the mouth organization, Angelos Pizza has the flexibility to design C&B as per employee requirements. Small scale, personal thing and independence all lead to an absence of bureaucracy, creating the SMEs reputation of being able torespond readily to ever-changing circumstances (Brand.2002). For example, for hourly employees, assistance for further education can be a lucrative benefit, magical spell at the same time providing the organization with a higher qualified resource for future managerial sentiment.v) LM 9 (Discuss how corporate strategy can be aligned with HR) The lack of strategic HRM is the warmheartedness issue affecting Angelos Pizza. Corporate strategy should be aligned with HR, so that resource requirements are planned well in advance and there is no shortfall of trained employees when the organization needs them. As Angelos Pizza is on a growth track, it must ensure that it has a recruitment and training plan to support the organizational growth.3) Theft can be a major problem in small organizations because there is lack of control mechanism s and often employees are assigned to multiple tasks which disregard contains and balances. To reduce the problem of material and intellectual theft in the recruitment process, several measures can be adopted. Background verification is perhaps the most important factor which can help weed out candidates who are presumable to steal. Angelos Pizza can outsource this task to professional agencies which conduct through background checks. These checks should include the candidates vicious record, past employment history, credit rating and other social security details.According to the fair play, a person cannot be discriminated against just because he has a criminal record. However, if the employer can show that the persons criminal record will hamper his job responsibility, it can weed out such candidates. Attorney Mark Briggs of the Arizona-based Briggs Law Group said the new law forces employers to have a clear connection for why someones criminal record makes them mentally il l for the job they are applying for (Brooks,2014). For example, if a candidate has multiple theft convictions, Angelos Pizza may have to show how this would lead to higher chances of theft at job, if they have to disqualify the person. Similarly, a person with continuous credit defaults may be under higher financial pressure and hence more likely to steal.Having a recruitment process to avoid intellectual theft is more difficult. Employers should take time to study their current high performing employees and see what personal attributes have led them to stay at the job. sequester the time to find individuals in your organization that have the same or a similar position to the one you are recruiting for (Wheeler, 2004). The interview must check the candidates future aspirations and see if they are in line with growth in the company or not.4) To check the employee manners in an interview, Angelo can use role plays, where the candidate is given a certain hypothetical situation and h as to respond to that situation. For example, Angelo can pretend to be a customer and the candidate must pretend to be a waiter. In this way, Angelo can become potential difficult situations which may arise when a customer is unhappy and check how the candidate responds in the interview. For example, Angelo can take the role of a customer who is unhappy about the food and is in a bad mood. The candidate must act the role of the waiter who will have to calm down the customer and end the situation in a satisfactory manner.Another option, which is less time devour and can be used as a screening method is to give all the candidates a case study reading a difficult situation where an unruly customer must be calmed down. The candidates should be asked to respond to the situation is writing and mention how they would respond to the situation given in the case.5) To check if the candidate is ineffective, Angelo must decide which would be primary responsibilities for the job and design the interview to check those competencies. For example, for a cashier, numerical ability is important. Therefore, Angelo can give a numerical question which the candidate must be able to respond to quickly. Check of effectiveness cannot be generalized as different jobs require different skills. One good way to check the candidates intelligence level is to give him an cleverness test. Aptitude tests are important because they show the persons mental ability. A person with a high readiness will generally be able to learn and master new skills more effectively. Angelo can also give candidates some specific task to accomplish like for example, building a Lego model to check their effectiveness.ReferencesBrand, Maryse. (2002). Strategic HRM for SMEs Implications for Firms and Policy, retrieved on 10/23 from http//www.rug.nl/staff/m.j.brand/e_tj_2002_strategic_hrm.pdf Wheeler, Kevin. (2004). Good Hiring Starts With A Good melodic line Profile, retrieved on 10/23 from http//www.ere.net/200 4/11/10/good-hiring-starts-with-a-good-job-profile/ Johnson, Rose. How to Reduce Employee Turnover by Effective enlisting in the Hotel Industry, retrieved on 10/23 from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/reduce-employee-turnover-effective-recruitment-hotel-industry-33538.html Brooks, Chad. (2014). Employee Background Checks Whats Legal, Whats Not, retrieved on 10/23 from http//www.businessnewsdaily.com/6166-why-you-need-to-use-background-checks.html

Compare and Contract the Giver

Compare and Contrast If I had to pick a orb over my parliamentary law and Jonas Society I would pick Jonass world. The reason I would pick Jonass world because one, in our world we get to pick or spouses but yet 50% of the time spouses get divorced. In Jonass world we are chosen a spouse by the committee and they will suffer us with the perfect couple. On page 48, the Committee of Elders could take up to years before they align a perfect spouse for you, which means that there will be no fights between hubby and wife.I also think How they create Families in our world are created differently in his World. In our world we get to keep our baby and yet sometimes we can get unwanted babies otherwise in Jonas world we get to have one girl and boy but yet apply for it. thithers only one reason that is I dont get in Jonas world. On page 44, the page states that when you acquittance someone you will chant there name throughout the twenty-four hour period softer and softer as the days go es by but yet they will supervene upon him with another child with the akin name I think thats somewhat a good idea yet not a good idea.It is a good idea because one, they have a big celebration for the loss but sadly Replaces them. On the other hand, in our world We celebrate our deaths with funerals and memorials and we never see them again. I dont think replacing someone else in Jonas world will literally replace the person who passed away. So, to wrap it off I would rather live in Jonass world for a nice healthy drama free life.

Introducing government in america Essay

A. Defining Democracy1. Democracy is a means of selecting insurance dressrs and of organizing political sympathies so that insurance insurance policy reflects citizens preferences.B. Traditional Democratic Theory1. Equality in voting2. Effective lodge3. Enlightened under understructureing4. Citizen control of the order of business5. Inclusion6. Democracies must practice majority rule and keep up minority rights. 7. The blood between the few leading and the many followers is virtuoso of representation.C. Three present-day(a) Theories of the Statesn Democracy1. Pluralist theory states that groups with sh ared involvements curve frequent policy by pressing their concerns by organized efforts. 2. elite and class theory contends that societies are divided along class lines, and that an upper-class selected pulls the strings of government. 3. Hyperpluralism contends that many groups are so strong that government is unavailing to act.D. Challenges to Democracy1. Increased technological expertness2. Limited Participation in Government3. Escalating Campaign Costs4. Diverse Political Interests (policy gridlock)E. American Political Culture and Democracy1. Political culture consists of the overall set of value widely shared indoors a society.2. Liberty3. Egalitarianism4. Individualism5. Laissez-faire6. PopulismF. A Culture War? (Is America polarized into rival political camps with different political cultures?)G. Preview Questions about DemocracyVI. The Scope of Government in America (pp. 2326)A. How Active Is American Government?B. Preview Questions about the Scope of GovernmentVII. abstract (p. 26)LEARNING OBJECTIVESAfter studying Chapter 1, you should be able to1. tie what government is and what governments do.2. get word how politics is the effort over who gets what, when, and how. 3. detect the primal features of the policymaking system and explain how unexclusive policies are the choices that government makesand declines to makein respons e to political issues.4. Understand the reputation of parliamentary government and traditional democratic theory, and the key questions concerning res publica.5. jazz among the three contemporary theories of American nation and politics (pluralist, elite and class, and hyperpluralist) and identify some of their strengths and weaknesses.6. Understand the nature of American political culture and identify the elements of the American creed.7. Understand the nature of the chain of government in America and the key questions concerning the oscilloscope of government.The following exercises will help you meet these objectivesObjective 1Describe what government is and what governments do.1. Define the depot government.The institutions that make authoritative decisions for any given society.2. What are the two unsounded questions about governing that serve as themes throughout the textbook?1. How should we govern?2. What should government do?3. joust the louvre functions that all case governments per exploit. 1. Maintain a national defense2. Provide public function3. Preserve order4. Socialize the boylike5. Collect taxesObjective 2Understand that politics is the fight over who gets what, when, and how. 1. Define the term politics.Determines whom we select as our governmental leaders and what policies these leaderspursue.2. Give examples of the who, what, when, and how of politics. 1. Who Voters, candidates, groups, and parties2. What naked taxes, medical care for the elderly3. When When mass speak up4. How Voting, supporting, compromising, lobbyingObjective 3Identify the important features of the policy system and explain how public policies are the choices that government makes, and declines to make, in response to political issues. 1. give a diagram of how a policy system works.Political issues get on policy order of business Policymakers make policy Policies affect plurality slew gene gene linkage institutions Policy Agenda Policymaking insti tutions Policy People2. List four key linkage institutions in a democratic society. 1. Parties2. Interest groups3. Media4. Elections3. Define the term policy agenda.The issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other tidy sum actually obscure in politics at in given point in time.4. How does a governments policy agenda change?Responds more to societal failures than successes. For example, when jobs are scarce and business harvest-tideivity is falling, economic problems claim a high position in the agenda.5. List the four major policymaking institutions in the United States. 1. sexual intercourse2. The Presidency3. The Courts4. Bureaucracies6. Define the term policy impacts.The effects a policy has on great deal and problems. Impacts are analyzed to see how well a policy has met its goal and at what cost.Objective 4Understand the nature of democratic government, traditional democratic theory, and the key questions concerning democracy.1. Define the term democracy as utilize in this text.A system of selecting policymakers and of organizing government so that policy represents and responds to the publics preferences.2. List the five cornerstones of an ideal democracy.1. Equality in voting2. Effective participation3. Enlightened understanding4. Citizen control of the agenda5. Inclusion3. Explain the principles of majority rule and minority rights. When choosing among alternatives, the will of over half the voters should be followed, exclusively restraints protecting the minoritys rights.Objective 5Distinguish among the three contemporary theories of American democracy and politics (pluralist, elite and class, and hyperpluralist) and identify some of their strengths and weaknesses.1. Complete the following table comparing pluralist, elite and class, and hyperpluralist theories harmonize to who holds the power and how policy is do.Theory Who Holds Power How Policy is MadePluralist Groups with shared interests Pressing their concerns through organized efforts Elite and Class Upper -class They can afford to finance election campaigns and control key institutions Hyperpluralist Groups Groups are so strong that government is weakened2. List the major challenges facing American democracy.1. Increased Technical Expertise2. Limited Participation in Government3. Escalating Campaign Costs4. Diverse Political InterestsObjective 6Understand the nature of American political culture and identify the elements of the American creed.1. What is political culture and wherefore is it crucial to understanding American government?An overall set of determine widely shared within a society. It is crucial to understanding American government because Americans are so diverse in basis of ancestries, religions, and heritages. A set of shared beliefs and values unites Americans.2. List and give an example of the five elements of the American creed according to Seymour Martin Lipset.1. Liberty2. Egalitarianism3. Individualism4. Laissez faire5. Populism3. List three dashs in which America capacity be experiencing a crisis of cultural values.1. A loss over time of traditional values, much(prenominal) as the importance of religion and family life 2. An unfavorable comparison with the citizens of other countries in terms of values much(prenominal) as patriotism or support for honorable principles 3. The division of society into opposed groups with irreconcilable moral differencesObjective 7Understand the nature of the scope of government in America and the key questions concerning the scope of government.1. Make a list of items that illustrate the scope of American government. Owns 1/3 of the land I the U.S., owns and operates over 400,000 nonmilitaryvehicles, employs over 2.2 million people, etc2. What is gross domestic product and how does the term illustrate the scope of American government?The sum total of the value of all the uprights and services produced in a nation. crude domestic product illustrates t he scope of American government because it not only spends large sums of money but also employs large numbers of people. About 18 million Americans work for our government.KEY TERMSIdentify and describeGovernment The institutions that make authoritative decisions for any given society public goods Services the government provides that can be shared by everyone and cannot be denied to anyone politics Determines whom we select as our governmental leaders and what policies these leaders pursue political participation The ways in which people get involved in politics single-issue groups Groups so concerned with one issue that parts cast their votes on the basis of that issue only, ignoring the politicians stand on everything else policymaking system Reveals the way our government responds to the priorities of its people linkage institutions The political channels through which peoples concerns become political issues on the policy agenda. In the US, linkage institutions include elections, political parties, interest groups, and the media. policy agenda The issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other people actively involved in politics at any given time political issue The result of people disagreeing about a problem or about the public policy needed to fix it policymaking institutions Congress, the presidency, and the courts public policy Every decision the government makespolicy impacts The effects that a policy has on people and on societys problems democracy A means of selecting policymakers and organizing government so that policy reflects citizens preferences majority rule In choosing among alternatives, the will of over half the voters should be followed minority rights Rights the majority cannot encroach onrepresentation The descent between the few leaders and the many citizens pluralist theory States that groups with shared interests influence public policy by pressing their concerns through organized effort s elite and class theory Contends that our society, analogous all societies, is divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite pulls the strings of government hyperpluralism Groups are so strong that government is weakened, as influence of many groups cripples governments ability to make policy policy gridlock Each policy coalition finds its way blocked by others political culture The overall set of values widely shared within American society Gross domestic product The total value of all goods and services produced annually by the United StatesName that term1. Something in which any member of society can share without diminishing the supply to any other member of society.____Public Goods__________2. It consists of subjects and problems getting the attention of government officials and their associates._________________________3. This is a choice that government makes in response to an issue on its agenda. ____Policy Agenda_________4. This arises when people disagree about a problem or about public policy choices made to combat a problem._____Political Issue________5. Political parties, elections, and interest groups are the main ones in the United States._____Linkage Institutions___6. The effects a policy has on people and on societys problems. _____Policy Impacts_______7. The most fundamental aspect of democratic theory._____Majority Rule_______8. According to this theory of American government, many groups are so strong and numerous that the government is unable to act._____Hyperpluralism______9. This problem is magnified when voters choose a president from one partyand congressional majorities from the other party.____Policy Gridlock_______10. A key factor that holds American democracy together.____Political Culture________11. The total value of all goods and services produced annually by the United States. __Gross Domestic Product____MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSCircle the correct answer1. Which of the following statements is TRUE?a. in that r espect is no relationship between political knowledge and age. b. In the mid-1960s, there was virtually no relationship between political knowledge and age now, in the earlier twenty-first century, political knowledge increases with age.c. In the mid-1960s, there was virtually no relationship between political knowledge and age now, in the early(a) twenty-first century, political knowledge decreases with age.d. Today, in the early twenty-first century, there is virtually no relationship between political knowledge and age in the mid-1960s, political knowledge increased with age.e. Today, in the early twenty-first century, there is virtually no relationship between political knowledge and age in the mid-1960s, political knowledge decreased with age.2. Political scientists argue that higher levels of political knowledge a. nurture tolerance.b. foster intolerance.c. promote partisanship.d. promote bipartisanship.e. increase wealth.3. Despite their differences, all governmentsa. prov ide public services.b. maintain a national defense.c. collect taxes.d. both of the abovee. C only4. Which of the following is an example of a public good?a. Librariesb. Parksc. College educationd. All of the abovee. Both a and b5. Single-issue groupsa. aid effective policymaking for the public interest.b. are concerned with a wide range of problems.c. have very little influence on voters or politicians.d. tend to have a narrow interest and to dislike compromise. e. view politics as a vocation, rather than as an avocation.6. Which of the following is NOT a component of the policymaking system? a. Peopleb. Linkage institutionsc. Policy agendad. Criminal justice institutionse. Policymaking institutions7. Which of the following is TRUE of the policymaking system? a. Linkage institutions transmit peoples interests to government. b. Media investigate social problems and inform people about them. c. Elections enable Americans to make their opinions heard by choosing their public officials .d. People, linkage institutions, media, and elections all help to shape the policy agenda?e. All of the above8. In a democratic society, parties, elections, interest groups, and the media are all examples of ____ between the preferences of citizens and the governments policy agenda. a. cross-pollinationb. inputs and outputsc. ideological bridgesd. obstaclese. linkage institutions9. Karl Marx and Freidrich Engels publisheda. The Communist Manifestob. A Theory of Democracyc. The Federalist Papersd. miserable Richards Almanace. War and Peace10. Which of the following is NOT a type of public policy?a. Congressional statuteb. Regulationc. Court decisiond. Budgetary choicese. Mandate11. The principle of one person, one vote, is an expression of the principle of a. equality in voting.b. effective participation.c. enlightened understanding.d. inclusion.e. citizen control of the agenda.12. The principle of traditional democracy theory guaranteeing rights to those who do not belong to majo rities and allows that they might join majorities through persuasion and reasoned argument is called the principle ofa. majority rule.b. minority rights.c. representation.d. pluralism.e. enlightened understanding.13. Pluralistsa. intrust that the public interest will prevail through bargaining and compromise. b. depend on fragmented, decentralized, and dispersed power in the policy process. c. oppose the principle of majority rule.d. compete through a system of minority rule for influence. e. All of the above14. Who referred to the U.S. as a nation of joiners?a. Thomas Jeffersonb. Alexis de Tocquevillec. Robert Putnamd. Ronald Reagane. George H. W. Bush15. Increased technical expertise poses a potential challenge to democracy because a. it is difficult to have an informed nontechnical public debate on technical issues.b. it goes against the tenets of pluralist political theory. c. it violates the imagination of one man, one vote.d. elected officials find it hard to understand tec hnical experts. e. interest groups have a difficult time securing technical expertise.16. A condition that occurs when no coalition is strong enough to form a majority and establish policy isa. PAC.b. policy gridlock.c. policy failure.d. policy impact.e. hyperpluralist policy.17. The overall set of values widely shared within a society is called the societys a. political culture.b. public opinion.c. media influence.d. linkage institutions.e. popular culture.18. Americas bountiful frontier provides a partial explanation for which element of the American creed?a. Egalitarianismb. Populismc. Individualismd. Opportunisme. Liberty19. Which of the following is NOT a possible way that Americans may be experiencing a crisis of culture values, according to Wayne Baker?a. A loss of traditional values, such as religion and family life b. An unfavorable comparison with citizens of other countries in terms of patriotism and/or support for moral principlesc. The division of society into opposed g roups with irreconcilable moral differences d. A decline in citizens commitment to equal opportunitye. None of the above20. Which of the following statements is TRUE?a. When expenditures age, tax revenues must grow to pay the additional costs. b. When taxes do not grow as fast as spending, a cipher deficit results. c. In 2009, the federal deficit was more than $400 billion.d. The national debt is more than $9 trillion.e. All of the aboveTRUE FALSE QUESTIONSCircle the correct answer1. The voter turnout rate among young Americans is consistently higher than among older Americans. T / F2. Emergent communication technologies and the proliferation of television channels make it easier to avoid information about politics. T / F3. All governments protect national sovereignty, frequently by maintaining a national defense and armed forces. T / F4. The daily recitation of the Pledge of committal in public schools is a tool of political socialization used to instill national values among th e young. T / F5. The courts are an example of a linkage institution. T / F6. The policy agenda responds more to societal failures than it responds to societal successes. T / F7. Most people around the world believe that democracy is the best form of government. T / F8. Over one-third of the nations wealth is held by just 1 percent of the population. T / F9. The tax burden on Americans is teensy-weensy compared to other democratic nations. T / F10. Lincolns famous phrase, government of the people, for the people, and by the people, is a classic expression of laissez-faire. T / F

Online Reservation System

an online booking system is used to store and retrieve information ab discover turn of events product, tour product options or lodging facility and conduct transactions for booking it. Thats a fancy centering to say that an online reservation system will let you accept bookings for your services online. There are triple main reasons why you should at the very least consider putting an online booking system in place 1 It puts you a step ahead of your competition. Theres a multitude of tour and activity operators out at that place who take over a website and enlist on Google Places, but very few already have an online booking system in place.By having an online reservation system, youre one step ahead of the game, tipping the scales in your favour when prospects inquiry and compare your capabilities against your competitors. Of course, the presence of an online booking system itself is not enough to start or break the sale. You keep mum need to make sure the other aspects of y our site (like imagery, for example) are in the best shape to denigrate the amount of visitors that bounce off it. 2 Its convenient and fast for you and your customers.Location is not an issue, and neither is time. The virtual set-up pith you wont need to wake up at unholy hours to take booking calls from potential clients halfway both(prenominal)what the world. While you dream of being the best damn tour or activity operator there is, people are going through the process of finding your site, browsing through its content, and making a booking. Travellers veer towards tour and activity sites that support online bookings because not only is it easy, but they usually find some great discount deals, too.They can read up on your business, look at your options, and finally make a booking without being hassled by a pushy sales representative. 3 It speeds up your gold flow. The old barrier in the way of online payment systems was trust, but this is no longer an issue. The risk of im pute card fraud or scam is extremely low for online payment gateways. The online booking system you tell apart should have an SSL certificate on its payment page to ensure users that you are legitimate.Online reservation systems speed up your cash flow just by being there. Theres less capital outlay on your remove because you dont have to hire staff to manage customers or pay rent for a physical space. Also, formerly customers book through it, money goes straight into your account no lag time here. Theyre also more(prenominal) accurate than you probably are when it comes to mathematical calculations. You can set up coupon codes and discount offers without triple-checking whether you got the mathematics right. according to Wikipedia

Argintina

Religon Historically, the Catholic religion played a very alpha part in politics and law. Before changes were made to the Constitution in 1994, the two top attractorship of genus genus genus genus genus Argentina had to be Roman Catholic. Today, although officially 90% of Argentinians argon Roman Catholic, fewer than 20% face church rhythmically. Most go for weddings, funerals and major(ip) feast days. Many Argentinians begin annual expeditions to holy sites and topical anaesthetic shrines. The most popular place is LuJn, 65 km west of Buenos pushoveres. Each year, thousands of people make the pilgrim get on with on foot from Buenos Aires to onour the Patron Saint of Argentina, the Virgin of LuJn.According to tradition, in 1620 a statue of the Virgin was be carried from t possess to town in a cart. The cart got stuck at LuJn, Buenos Aires Province, and could not be moved. The people built a chapel for the Virgin to protect the statue. Today t here is a large basilica wher e the chapel one time stood. Did you know? Buenos Aires has the second largest Jewish universe (300,000) in the Americas after New York. Most provinces and cities moderate a patron saint. In the northern Salta province, people make pilgrimages to honour Our Lord of the Miracles on September 15.In 1592, a statue of Jesus Christ was washed up out of sea and was carried inland to the Salta City. This statue, the people of Salta believe, has saved them from earthquakes and new(prenominal) dangers. During the fiesta, people parade through the streets of Salta City carrying the statue of Jesus Christ. Another important pilgrimage site is Itati, in Corrientes Province on the Parana River, where people honour the Virgin of Itati every July 16. The statue of the Virgin was carved by a Guarani artist. Although the Constitution states that the federal regimen is Roman Catholic, it also guarantees freedom of religion for all.Argentina has umteen Jews and Muslims, as well(p)(p) as membe rs of Russian, Greek and Syrian Orthodox churches and Protestant denomi demesnes. Some autochthonous people follow the tradition of the Catholic Church, others turn over kept their tralatitious beliefs. Many of the Colla people in the northwestern provinces of Salta and Jujuy attend Catholic churches and also follow traditional forms of worship. In Catamarca province, there is an annual festival to honour Pachamama, who represents mother earth. 3. diction Although Argentinas official lyric is Spanish, Argentinian Spanish is diffe ask rom the Spanish verbalise in Spain.In about ways it sounds more like Italian than Spanish. thither argon also many other languages utter in Argentina, including Italian, Mapuche, Guarani, Aymara, Toba and Quechua. Did you know? In the Chu exactly Valley in Patagonia there is a Welsh settlement founded in 1865. For four generations, the settlers spoke Welsh, but the language is now dying out in this electron orbit. You can recognise Argentinia ns from other Latin Americans by their use of che. It comes from the language used by the Mapuche and means man. It is used as people in Canada might say, hey or you know or eh.For example, an Argentinian might say, Che, veni (Hey you, come here) to get manyones attention. Another important difference amidst the Argentinianan way of speaking Spanish and the Spanish spoken in Spain is the use of vos ins afternoon tead of tu (you ) and a very strong pronunciation of y and II as sh. A special slang, called lunfardo, originated in the slum neighbourhoods of Buenos Aires in the late 19th century. Today most Argentinians ar familiar with at least(prenominal) a few words of lunfardo. Lunfardo contains elements of Spanish, Italian, Portuguese and other languages, but with a distinctive wist. superstar of the most common ways to change a word is to reverse the syllables. For example, in lunfardo, dance becomes gotan. Argentinians love to discuss two topics, sports (especially f?tbol) and politics. Most people rush strong opinions on these subjects and willing discuss them with a passion. It is not unusual to find several conversations going on at erstwhile at a social gathering. 4. Education Education is highly valued in Argentinian society. The Argentine National Council of Education sets a standard curriculum that is followed by schools throughout the ountry, because it is believed that a subject argona bringing up system promotes unity.Kindergarten is optional for children aged four and five. Mandatory education begins at age six and ends at fourteen. Public capital schools argon free, but there be no public school buses and students moldiness buy their own books and uniforms. The uniforms look like white laboratory coats and are worn over regular clothes. Private schools are often sponsored by churches or organizations and charge tuition fees. For children with special needs, there are separate programs. Did you know?The Nobel prizes have been award ed to five Argentinians Carlos Saavedra Lamas (1936) and Adolfo Prez Esquivel (1980) for peace, Bernardo Houssay (1947) for medicine, Luis Federico Leloir (1970) for chemistry and Csar Milstein (1984) for biology. school between 1 p. m. and 5 p. m. When students arrive, they raise the flag and sing the subject anthem. During each session, they get three breaks of 10 proceedings each for recess. In rural areas, some children go to school on horseback. Some large estancias have their own one-room schoolhouse for children living on the ranch.Unless students need to work full-time to help their families, they may tarry their education at secondary school. Those who want to go to university must attend secondary school for at least five years and take the bachillerato (baccalaur prey) exam. Commercial and vocational schools are available for those who want careers in commerce, agri socialisation, fashion or technical occupations such(prenominal) as automotive mechanics. Schoolteacher s are trained in an escuela blueprint (teachers college). People who leave school to work may return when they are in their twenties to burnish their secondary school studies.Night classes are also available for those who work during the day. Argentina has about 50 universities. slightly half are public and tuition is free. The others are Catholic or private universities that charge fees. The University of Buenos Aires is the largest university in South America, with 140,000 students. The oldest university in Argentina is Cordoba, founded by the Spanish in 5. Culture The earliest inhabitants of Argentina were nomadic tribes of hunter-gatherers, who had fought the Incas and lived simply until the arrival of Europeans in the 1 500s. The first Spanish settlement was Santa Fe in 1573.Buenos Aires was founded sevener years later. At first the Spanish were unenthusiastic by the lack of gold and silver. Later they recognise the potential of Argentina to supply food and animals to the cities in Peru and Bolivia. Huge areas of land estancias were given to settlers, and the Indians worked under a forced-labour system. After Napoleons invasion of Spain, the commonwealth was left to fend for itself and began to foster a ploughing sense of independence, the Creoles (native-born) population even fought off British invaders. Following Napoleons defeat the Spanish attempted to seize their colonies back.By 1816, the eep division between Argentina and its mother field had become quite evident, and a party of separatists decided to declare the countrys independence. atomic outlet 53 of the new patriots, Jose de San baffletin, crossed the Andes to achieve independence for Chile and then headed to Peru to free Lima from the Spanish do of import. on with Simon Bolivar, Martin is credited with breaking off Spanish rule. The cattle ranchers became wealthy and one of them Rosas, became a despotic leader and during his 20 year reign of terror many of the indigenous tribes were wiped out.This trend continued as sheep were introduced and required more land. During the 19th century, the British invested heavily in the opening up of the country by railways. A middle class evolved and industrialization advanced during World War II. The which had violent opponents and charismatic leaders such as Peron and his second wife Evita. During the 1970s a repressive government fought a war against left-wing guerrillas and as a distraction occupied the Falklands (Malvinas) in 1982. Thatchers British forces defeated world(a) Galtieris conscripts and the Junta came to an end.The re-introduction of democracy was the better(p) result of the war. The 21st has seen a evere blow to the Argentine scrimping, and in two months the presidency changed five propagation. The veritable president is seeking a way to strengthen the once great country. Tourism is being promoted as a way to gain foreign currency. There has never been a better time to vist the country. Argentinas culture has been greatly affected by its immigrant population, mostly European. Sadly they contributed to the demise of native cultures. The European immigrant groups each adopt different roles.The Basque and Irish controlled sheep rearing, the Germans and Italians established farms, and the British invested in developing the infra-structure. More than one-third of the countrys 32 billion people live in Buenos Aires, the capital, which along with other urban areas accounts for almost 90% of the total population. The main indigenous peoples are the Quechua of the northwest and the Mapuche in Patagonia. Other can be found in the Chaco and the northeast. There are strong Jewish and Anglo-Argentine communities throughout the country plus Japanese, Chileans and Bolivians and pockets of Paraguayan and Uruguayan residents.The universal language of Argentina is Spanish, but many natives and immigrants keep their mother tongues as a matter of pride. In Buenos Aires a city slang called lun fardo is used. Argentina has religious freedom, although the official religion is Roman Catholic. All over Argentina fine handicrafts can be found. The gauchos produce silver buckled belts, spurs, stirrups and the mate gourds from which they drink their mate through a silver straw. The indigenous groups produce wood carvings, weavings and textiles such as ponchos.Argentina is one of the few South American countries with a grow cinema and TV industry. Since the end of dictatorship and military rule the arts have flourished. Tango is the quintessential practice of medicine and dance of Argentina, but ther folkloric traditions persist. There is even a home-grown rock music industry. The Teatro Colon in Buenos Aires is reputed to be one of the best and most outstanding theatres in the world. One cannot send away the national obsession with football but motor racing and polo also form part of the national psyche.Fiestas & holidays The main holiday point in time is January to March (w hen the schools are closed), one should book along time fore during this period. Easter and July are also busy times. The 10 November Dia de La Tradicion are like a gaucho games, with displays, music, and potentiometer of asado meat. The following is a selection of the special regional events occurring annually in Argentina January Sea Festival, Mar del Plata Jineteada (breaking in horses) and Folklore Festival, Diamante, Prov. Entre Rios Chaya Doma (breaking in horses) and Folklore Festival, Intendente Alvear, Prov. La Pampa Folklore Festival, Cosquin, Prov.Cordoba. February Carnival, especially interesting in Gualeguaychu in the Province of Entre Rios and Ituzaingo in Corrientes Pachamama (Mother Earth) Festival, Amaicha del Valle, Prov. Tucuman Trout search Festival, Rio Grande. February-March Festival of Tango, Buenos Aires March Grape Harvest Festival, Mendoza. March-April Holy Week, Salta Festival of Our Lady Del Valle, Catamarca. July Poncho Week, Catamarca Simoca Fair, Si moca, Prov. Tucuman Santiago Week, Santiago del Estero Dorado fish Competition, Formosa. August Snow Festival, Rio Turbio, Prov. Santa Cruz Jujuy Week, Jujuy Dorado Festival, Posadas, Prov.Misiones Snow Festival, Bariloche. September Chamam Music Festival, Corrientes Agriculture Festival, Esperanza, Prov. Santa F October Fiesta de la Cerveza (beer festival), Villa General Belgrano Festival of Tango, Buenos Aires November Sea Salmon Fishing Contest, Comodoro Rivadavia Tradition Week (gaucho shows), San Antonio de Areco. December Gaucho Festival, Gral. Madaria, Prov. Buenos Aires Trout Festival, San Junin de los Andes, Prov. Neuqun. Argentinas economy has traditionally been ground on agriculture, but the industrial and service sectors have also grown in importance in fresh years.Livestock (cattle and sheep) and grains have long been the bulwark of its wealth its cattle herds are among the worlds finest. As an exporter of wheat, corn, flax, oats, grouse, mutton, hides, and wool, Ar gentina rivals the get together States, Canada, and Australia. Its other agricultural products include oilseeds, lemons, soybeans, grapes, and tobacco. Argentina is the worlds largest source of tannin and linseed oil. The Pampa is the nations chief agricultural area however, since the 1930s there has been a great rise in production in other areas, especially in the oases of the Monte and the irrigated valleys of N Patagonia.Although Argentina has a variety of minerals, they are of local importance and are not completely adequate to support the countrys industries. Domestic oil and louse up production has made the nation self-sufficient in energy ipelines connect the oil and gas fields with Buenos Aires and other major culture centers. Argentina also exploits its ample hydroelectric resources. The large coal field of S Patagonia has low-grade coal. regimen processing (in particular meatpacking, flour milling, and canning) is the chief manufacturing industry motor vehicles, textil es, chemicals, petrochemicals, and steel are also major products.Argentinas principal imports are machinery, motor vehicles, chemicals, metals, plastics, and other manufactured goods. The chief trading partners are Brazil, the United States, China, and Chile. Argentina is a member of Mercosur. In recent decades Argentina has experienced both inflation and recession. Privatization and other economical reforms begun by President Menem in the early 1990s produced unprecedented economic growth, but significant economic problems remained, including high unemployment and a massive national debt (due to freehanded government spending and widespread tax evasion).The economy was hurt by Brazils recession and currency devaluation in the late 1990s, but the pegging of the peso to the dollar have with Argentinas own economic problems resulted in economic collapse in cc1. The economy did not begin to grow strongly again until 2003. The ancestors of most Argentineans of today originally came f rom Spain and Italy, with smaller percentages coming from other European nations and Middle-Eastern countries. The country also has a Jewish population of about 350,000, the fifth-largest in the world, and a alike(p) number of Syrian Lebanese people.There are some indigenous communities that live in the northeast areas of Argentina and in the Patagonian region. Argentina has recently received an important intake of immigration from neighbouring countries, mainly Paraguay, Chile, Bolivia and Uruguay. The immigration from Per? is also significant. Gaucho is a traditional word meaning country man of South America from Indian and Spanish descent. Till the lineage of this century, there were gauchos in Argentina who spent their days working and riding their horses around the large estancias(similar to Australian stations), and looking after cattle that roamed the Pampas.Gauchos often featured as heroes in last-century poems, stories and folkloric songs. Food way to eat beef is the asad o (barbecued beef ribs), whereas whole sides of beef or kid may be spit cook for large gatherings. Also popular are empanadas which are crescent-shaped pies usually filled with meat or corn, and Locro, a type of stew made with corn, beans, potatoes and peppers. The national drink is mate (pronounced mat-A), a green tea made from the leaves of yerba mate, a national herb. Clothing City people dress in garments similar to those worn by Australians.Rural workers may wear the traditional gaucho clothing a wide brimmed hat, a poncho, and a loose pair of trousers tucked into boots. Economy Primary Industry Argentina is rich in indispensable resources with a geological and climatic situation articularly suitable for developing forestry, agriculture, mining and fisheries. It also boasts of large petroleum, gas and uranium reserves. Agriculture Argentina is famous for its agricultural production. With over 54 million head of cattle, Argentinas beef is renowned around the world.Annual produ ction of cereals and oilseeds exceeds 70 million tonnes, which makes Argentina one of the main exporters of these products and their derivatives. One of the countrys largest sheep shave regions, which is also one of the largest regions for maturement fruit and vegetables, is found in Patagonia, in the south. The typical farms associated with this production are surprisingly similar to those found in Australia. Mendoza on the western border is the centre of wine production. Argentina is the worlds fifth-largest producer of wine.Most Argentineans drink wine with every meal, a traditional custom introduced by the European immigration. Exports are continually growing, Mining The Andean Mountains provide Argentina with rich mineral deposits. Some of the minerals which are being mined at present are, copper, tin, lead, zinc, gold, silver, and uranium. The main exploitation of copper and gold, Minera de la Alumbrera, in the Province of Catamarca, is an Australian venture. Gas and Oil are important resources being increasingly exported to the neighbouring countries and to the world market. Together with mining products they make out for 15% of total exports.Top Manufacturing Sector The industrial sector includes manufacturing and construction. Among Argentinas manufactured goods are processed food, textiles, clothing, tinny and non-metallic mineral products, wood products, paper, pharmaceutical products, chemicals and petrochemical products, aluminium, steel, cars, electrical machinery and appliances, achine tools, turbines, cranes, agriculture machinery, and space and nuclear products. Construction, engineering and consultancy activities have genuine to an important stage, extending to the Latin-American market and other countries.Top Transport Land Public transport includes buses, railways and subways. Most of Argentinas goods are transported by truck although railways are becoming increasingly important in the transportation of domestic cargo. Air The most wide ly-known national airline is Aerolineas Argentinas which has been operational for more than 60 years. It covers nearly all the domestic routes and has also an important continental and inter-continental network. There are also other private airlines that have been between Sydney and Buenos Aires, with a short stopover in Auckland, New Zealand.Water There are numerous coastal and international marine and river companies that offer fr ogdoad or passenger transport. Several Ocean Lines serve the route between Australian and Argentinean ports. Top Communications Postal and telecommunications services are run by private enterprises which have been operating in free competition since the beginning of 2000. The first post office opened in 1814. send tracking stations and digital engineering provide domestic and international telephone communications conjugate to every country in the world. There are about 40 television stations and 200 radio stations in Argentina.Export Argentinas expo rts, which reached 30 billion $1JS in 2003, are composed of 24% primary agricultural commodities, 13% fuels and minerals, 36% processed agricultural products and foodstuffs, and 27% industrial products. 7. People (ethnic backgrounds) Argentines have a reputation in South America for being arrogant. In my experience they have a well deserved reason for national pride. Argentina is the 8th largest country in the world, stretching from deserts at the Bolivian border, to tropical jungles at Iquazu Fallsto the highest mountain in the Western Hemisphere Mt.Aconcagua, a 22,831 foot nonexistent volcano to a Darwinian paradise, Tierra del Fuego,Just 600 miles from the Antarctic continent see Maps of the Argentine provinces. Its history spans the millennia from the greatest age of the dinosaurs, the magnificent Inca Empire, the golden age of Spanish Imperialism and the stablishment of the third wealthiest democracy in the Western hemisphere. Despite American commentators who stress that Argentina is an economic basket case due to the mercurial whims of political and economic elites a situation to which no nation has ever had an immunity I find no evidence of national depression. What I experience is a thriving society that is aware of the insecurity of economic good times but in love with life. The buzz of Buenos Airess Manhattan with an Italian awareness of the present fathers and mothers with young children on their arms, professionals onducting communication channel in a sidewalk caf, small shops selling AR$60,OOO chinchilla fur bedspreads (US$18,OOO), food markets pass only organically raised poultry they dont say its organic, it Just is and thousands of people at the weekend Feria de Mataderos.Two minute of arc lunch breaks are the norm. Restaurants, which normally dont open for dinner until 900 pm, are not full until 1 1 pm. A true porteno (native born resident of Buenos Aires) will have a distinct Italian lilt to their Spanish and say ciao, not adio s, when saying good-bye. Cordoba is Old Spain the intellectual eart of the nation. Its a city of eight universities, and the birthplace of the Jesuit philosophy of the social contract between rulers and the ruled which is still in restless national debate.The Inca Empire still touchesSaltaSalta the Beautiful, as its justifiably known, bears the splendor of Colonial monuments, with archaeological proof of thriving indigenous cultures and the reality of street children eager to shine your shoes. Indigenous language communities founded 6,000 years ago are very much alive in the rugged, semi-arid yet stunning landscape of theAndean orld class vintages using irrigation technology first perfected by indigenous people over 3,000 years ago. Argentine vineyards are the highest in the world up to 5,000 feet with 350 days of warm sunshine.TheArgentine Mesopotamiais a floating land of Jungles, massive rivers, the incomparable Iguazu Falls, minute cities, mate plantations, magnificent rui ns and giant, delicious fish. Patagonia,the vast region that conjures visions of another reality, is another reality. Welsh, German, English, French, Spanish, Eastern Europeans and indigenous cultures flourish on the Atlantic and Andean edges of this land. The long Atlantic coast is home to internationally protected wildlife sites, look for villages and modern petroleum shipping ports.The flat sparse interior is dotted by multi-thousand acre estancias (ranches), many of which have been owned by the original families for generations, with millions of sheep and a few gauchos. Welsh villages, the first European settlements in Patagonia, are complete with trim, vine covered cottages, pocket gardens and afternoon tea. In the Andean west, are the finest ski resorts and fruit growing lands in South America. 8. Family/culture There is no typical Argentinian family. Family life differs according to many factors, such as religion, region, ethnic background and income.Traditionally, fathers were considered the head of the family, mothers were in charge of the household, and young conjoin couples lived with their parents in quarters built onto the house. Now, most Argentinians believe that women have the right to a career as well as marriage and family. Some families have hired help to do domestic chores. Young married couples usually find a place of their own rather than living with parents. Did you know? In Buenos Aires, a cosmopolitan city of over 13 million residents, there is a saying that a Porteno speaks Spanish, chuck Italian, dresses like a Frenchman and thinks he is an Englishman. Sixty percent of Argentinians own their homes and often build additional cortege rather than moving to larger houses. Most Argentinians live and work in urban areas. About a third of the population lives in and around Buenos Aires. In small cities and the suburbs, people live in single- family homes, but in Buenos Aires, most people live in apartment buildings. The apartments have modern facilities, but rent and electricity are very expensive. Rent can take a large portion of periodic earnings for some families.Housing construction has not kept pace with the number of Job seekers heading into the cities. The house shortage has resulted in the growth of villas miserias, shacks made of pieces of wood, tin and other materials found by residents. There is no running water, sewage system or electricity in these areas, and the residents often suffer health problems because of contaminated water. There are still large farms or estancias in Gauchos, who wear the traditional baggy boxershorts and flat-topped hat, still work on ome cattle ranches.In Patagonia the estancias may be sheep ranches. In other areas, the estancias may have vineyards, orchards or fields of grain. Some very large estancias are like little villages, with their own chapels and schools. Sometimes the wife and children of the owner live in the city while the children are at school. The 300,000 indigenous people in Argentina live in small rural communities or in the cities. One important group is the Wichi, who live in the marshy area near the river Pilcomayo in the north of the country and Mapuche in the Neuqun province.Although many indigenous Argentinians have preserved their traditional way of life, others have choose a more European lifestyle 9. Government Argentina has seen some interesting events in reckon to government and politics (too detailed to elaborate on as part of this article, but certainly worth further research if you are interested) and following a period of military dictatorship which ended in 1983, Argentina returned to the 1853 Constitution which was further amended in 1994. Government in Argentina is now operated via a representative, republican federal system which is similar to the federal system in the USA.The government in Argentina is formed of two separate legislative branches which are executive and bicameral and of these two houses, the Senate has 72 seats and the sleeping accommodation of Deputies has 257 seats. Argentina is further divided into a federal Capital (the City of Buenos Aires) and 23 Provinces. The national Government of Argentina is lead by the President. Until the change to Constitution in 1994 (referred to above), it was necessary that the President be a Roman Catholic. Changes to the Constitution also permitted the reelection of the President for a further 4 year period as opposed to the original 6 year period.Each Province within Argentina has its own Governor, Chamber of Deputies and Senate. The Federal Capital in Buenos Aires, has an elected Mayor allowing for self government. The balancing of power in the government of Argentina is not straightforward. The primary reason for this being that 70% of the population falls under the remit of the Federal Capital and the provinces of Santa Fe, Buenos Aires and Cordoba. Consequently they are able to provide a powerful counterweight to the Federal g overnment, particularly if they are controlled by the opposition.In respects to Political Parties in Argentina, the spectrum of parties is broad and diverse and at least 20 parties are represented in the Congreso. Local parties have considerable power within some of the provinces. The Sapag familys Partido Popular Neuquino in Neuquen for example has driven some of Argentinas most progressive social policies. A recent concern for the government in Argentina is the lack of interest that the younger generation take in government and politics and their resulting voting apathy. No doubt however, the same concern exists for a significant number of countries. 10. 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